Fig. 1.

Comparison of circulating C3a, C5a and LTB4 between AAA patients and controls. The complement factors C3a and C5a were measured in serum samples, while leukotriene B4 was assessed in plasma collected from AAA (N = 40) and healthy controls (N = 37). Boxplots illustrate the distribution of circulating levels of a C3a, b LTB4 and c C5a; p values refer to group comparisons by Mann-Whitney U test. d The diagnostic marker value of C5a was further evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). e Serum C5a levels were further compared between healthy controls (N = 33) and patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD, N = 24) or AAA (N = 33) by Mann-Whitney U test