Table 4.

Percentage (95% CI) of sticky traps with P. perniciosus (positive traps) and median (range) density (No. specimens/m²/day) in positive traps according to house plot and trap location variables. A study of sand fly abundance in 29 periurban sites in Murcia City in southeast Spain

Variable	No. of traps	Phlebotomus perniciosus
		% positive traps (95% CI)	Median (range) sand fly densitya
(A) House plot
Altitude
23–90	1934	14 (12–16)	2 (1–71)
112–180	968	23 (21–26)*	2 (1–96)
248–287	426	3 (1–4)	2 (2–5)
Vegetated/soil area (m2)
40–100	780	8 (6–10)	2 (2–16)
140–320	713	14 (11–17)	2 (1–50)
450–999	519	20 (16–23)*	2 (1–23)
1824–9096	493	19 (16–23)	2 (2–23)
Permanently lived
No	710	20 (17–23)*	2 (1–32)
Yes	1795	12 (10–13)	2 (1–50)
Swimming pool
No	775	18 (16–21)*	2 (1–32)
Yes	1730	12 (11–14)	2 (2–50)
(B) Trap location
Transit area
No	1132	16 (14–18)*	2 (1–50)
Yes	1192	12 (10–20)	2 (1–32)
Wind exposureb
No	545	16 (13–19)	2 (1–16)
Low	1100	15 (13–17)	2 (1–50)
Moderate-strong	834	13 (10–15)	2 (1–23)
Undercover
No	1724	12 (11–14)	2 (1–50)
Yes	755	20 (17–23)*	2 (1–16)
Distance to wall (m)
0.0–0.1	833	22 (19–25)*	2 (1–50)*
0.2–0.5	659	12 (9–14)	2 (2–18)
0.8–2.0	499	9 (7–12)	2 (1–14)
2.5–10	432	11 (8–14)	2 (2–23)
> 10	56	4 (0–8)	2 (2–2)
Distance to soil/plants (m)
0–0.5	1244	15 (13–17)	2 (1–50)*
0.75–2	517	13 (10–16)	2 (2–16)
3–10	527	17 (14–21)	2 (1–23)
15–40	191	10 (6–15)	2 (2–7)
Distance to dog sleeping area (m)
0–5	346	19 (15–23)	2 (2–21)
6–20	607	17 (14–20)	3 (2–50)*
> 25	540	14 (11–17)	2 (2–23)

^*p < 0.05. Asterisk placed in the highest median or maximum

^aSand fly density, the number of sand flies collected divided by the sampling effort, which is No. of trapping days multiplied by the trap area (m²)

^bWind exposure as presumed by owners