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. 2021 Mar 10;15(9):2493–2508. doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-00945-7

Fig. 3. Effects of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals on cell membranes in the donor (E. coli K-12 LE392) and the recipient (P. putida KT2440) bacteria.

Fig. 3

a Fold changes of cell membrane permeability (PI-stained) in donor bacteria, the histogram bars with the same colour refer to the same pharmaceutical. b Fold changes of cell membrane permeability (PI-stained) in recipient bacteria, the histogram bars with the same colour refer to the same pharmaceutical. c Fold changes of expression of core genes and proteins related to cell membranes in donor bacteria. d Fold changes of expression of core genes and proteins related to cell membranes in recipient bacteria. Significant differences between non-antibiotic-dosed samples and the control were analyzed by independent-sample t test and corrected by Benjamini–Hochberg method for multiple comparisons, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. For c and d, figures shown are 0.5 mg/L for ibuprofen, naproxen, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, propranolol, and 1.0 mg/L for iopromide.