Table 1.
Predicted physiological and metabolic traits inferred for Candidatus Eremiobacterota genera, for the three known orders Ca. Eremiobacterales, Ca. Baltobacterales, and Ca. Xenobiales ord. nov.
| Candidatus genus | Candidatus species | Source | Physiology and metabolism (inferred from MAGs) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eremiobacterales |
Eremiobacter Ji et al. [1] |
E. antarcticus sp. nov. | Soil |
Heterotroph and autotroph. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, acetate, sarcosine, formate, methanol, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, catechol, 4-hydroxybenzoate. Glycogen storage. |
| Mawsoniella gen. nov. | M. australis sp nov. | Soil |
Obligate heterotroph. Hydrogen oxidation using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, sarcosine, oligosaccharides, sugars, catechol, 4-hydroxybenzoate. PHA storage. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Baltobacterales | Cryoxeromicrobium gen. nov. | C. davisii sp. nov. | Soil |
Obligate heterotroph. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, sarcosine, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. Polyphosphate storage. |
| Nyctobacter gen. nov. | N. psychrophilus sp. nov. | Soil |
Heterotroph and autotroph. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage; glycogen storage. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Erabacter gen. nov. | E. solicola sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, sarcosine, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage. |
|
| Hesperobacter gen. nov. | H. lustricola sp. nov | Bog |
Heterotroph and autotroph. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. Photoautotrophy; photoreceptors. CO oxidation. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, taurine, cyanate, acetate, sarcosine, alcohols (including ethanol), poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, fluoroacetate. PHA storage. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Zemynaea gen. nov. | Z. palustris sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. Anaerobic respiration: nitrate. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, sarcosine, formate, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage. |
|
| Meridianibacter gen. nov. | M. frigidus sp. nov. | Soil |
Obligate heterotroph. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Aquilonibacter gen. nov. | A. stordalenmirensis sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. CO oxidation. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, alcohols (including ethanol, PVA), arylsulfates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, fluoroacetate. PHA storage. Polyphosphate storage. Motile by flagella. |
|
| Tyrphobacter gen. nov. | T. aquilonaris sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, methanol, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Tumulicola gen. nov. | T. scandinaviensis sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. CO oxidation. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, taurine, acetate, sarcosine, arylsulfates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage. |
|
| Cybelea gen. nov. | C. septentrionalis sp. nov.; C. tumulisoli sp. nov.; C. tyrphae sp. nov.; C. palsarum sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. Hydrogen oxidation using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase (C. septentrionalis only). Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, taurine, urea, sarcosine, PVA, arylsulfates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, fluoroacetate (substrates vary for individual spp.). PHA storage. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Palsibacter gen. nov. | P. borealis sp. nov. | Palsa |
Heterotroph and autotroph. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenases and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. CO oxidation Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, taurine, urea, cyanate, acetate, sarcosine, alcohols (including methanol, ethanol), arylsulfates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage; glycogen storage. Polyphosphate storage. Bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase (Group 3d). |
|
| Hemerobacter gen. nov. | H. limicola sp. nov. | Bog |
Heterotroph and autotroph. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1f and/or 2a [NiFe] hydrogenase and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. CO oxidation. Photoautotrophy; carboxysomes. Anaerobic respiration: nitric oxide. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, sarcosine, arylsulfates, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars. PHA storage. Polyphosphate storage. |
|
| Velthaea gen. nov. | V. versatilis sp. nov. | Bog |
Heterotroph and autotroph. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. Photoautotrophy; carboxysomes; photoreceptors. CO oxidation. Anaerobic respiration: sulfoxides. Assimilatory nitrate reduction. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, taurine, urea, cyanate, sarcosine, alcohols (including methanol, ethanol), poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, catechol, propane. PHA storage; glycogen storage. Motile by flagella (including phototaxis). Polyphosphate storage. Bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase (Group 3b). |
|
| Lustribacter gen. nov. | L. caenicola sp. nov.; L. telmatis sp. nov. | Bog |
Obligate heterotroph. Hydrogen oxidation using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase. Anaerobic respiration: sulfoxides (L. caenicola), urocanate (L. telmatis). Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, taurine, urea, cyanate, acetate, formate, alcohols (including methanol, ethanol), arylsulfates, alkanesulfonates, oligosaccharides, sugars (substrates vary for individual spp.), fluoroacetate, halobenzoate, phenoxypropionate, ethylbenzene, 4-hydroxybenzoate, 4-sulfocatechol (L. telmatis only). PHA storage; glycogen storage. Motile by flagella. Polyphosphate storage. Bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase (Group 3d) (L. caenicola only). |
|
| Elarobacter gen. nov. | E. winogradskyi sp. nov.; E. vanleeuwenhoeki sp. nov.; E. pasteuri sp. nov.; E. beijerinckii sp. nov. | Palsa |
Obligate heterotroph. CO oxidation. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, urea, acetate, sarcosine, formate, ethanol, oligosaccharides, sugars (substrates vary for individual spp.), fluoroacetate. PHA storage; glycogen storage. Polyphosphate storage. Motile by flagella. |
|
| Tityobacter gen. nov. | T. terrigena sp. nov. | Palsa |
Heterotroph and autotroph. CO oxidation. Hydrogenotrophic chemolithoautotrophy using Group 1h [NiFe] hydrogenase and CBB cycle; capable of using atmospheric H2. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, taurine, acetate, alcohols (including methanol, ethanol, polyvinyl alcohol), aldehydes, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, fluoroacetate, catechol. Glycogen storage. Polyphosphate storage. BMC for sequestering toxic metabolites. |
|
| Xenobiales | Xenobium gen. nov. | X. occultum sp. nov.; X. purgamenti sp. nov. | Tailing pond (X. occultum); palm oil mill effluent and dechlorination bioreactor (X. purgamenti) |
Obligate heterotroph. Microaerobic; anaerobic respiration by DNRA. Fermentative. Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, carboxylates, glycerol, poly- and oligosaccharides, sugars, 4-hydroxybenzoate. PHA storage; glycogen storage. BMC for sequestering toxic metabolites. Bidirectional Fe-only hydrogenases (for redox balance?, H2 sensor?). |
| Bruticola gen. nov. | B. papionis sp. nov. | Baboon feces |
Obligate heterotroph. Fermentative (no respiration). Organic substrates include peptides, amino acids, citrate, starch, maltodextrin, glucose. Bidirectional Fe-only hydrogenases (for redox balance?). Glycogen storage. |
Full species names, types, and locality data are presented in Supplementary Table S1.
BMC bacterial microcompartment, CBB cycle Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, DNRA dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, MAG metagenome-assembled genome, PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate, RuBisCO ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.