Fig. 4. Stable manifolds exist in unstable population activity.

a Three-dimensional neural trajectories extracted from reconstructed (denoised) ΔF/F populational activity across weeks from the example imaging field using Isomap. Each dot represents instantaneous population activity. The color of the dot indicates the corresponding time in the trial. b Upper panels: neural trajectories along the first three Isomap dimensions were plotted separately. Lower panels: the same data as shown in the upper panels were displayed as heatmaps to show the trial-to-trial variability clearly. c Correlation coefficients (CC) between transformed reconstructed ΔF/F (neural trajectories) across trials along each Isomap dimension are plotted for all ten imaging fields. Different colors denote different imaging fields.