Table 1.

Fabrication methods and composition of biochar filled polymer composites.

Matrix	Filler	Filler Loading Rate (wt%)	Carbonization Temperature (°C)	Fabrication Method	References
Ultrahigh Molecular weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)	Nano-bamboo charcoal	1, 3 and 9	1000	Compression Molding	[36]
Polypropylene	Maleic Anhydride grafted Polypropylene (MAPP) Biochar (1000 µm and 50 µm) Wood	0 and 4 24 0 and 30	900	Melt extrusion and injection molding	[28]
Polypropylene	Compatibilizer Biochar (<20 µm, 106–125 µm)	0, 2.5, 5, 7.5. Not reported	~630	Injection molding	[37]
Polypropylene	Poly Octene Ethylene copolymer (POE) Biochar	30 10 and 20	500 (LtBioC) 900 (HtBioC)	Melt compounding and injection molding	[38]
Polyamide 6, 10	Biochar (<63, 213–250, 426–500 µm)	20	500	Melt compounding and injection molding	[39]
Nylon 6	Biochar	20	500–900	Melt compounding and injection molding	[40]
Polypropylene	Bamboo particles Ultrafine bamboo char (UFBC)	5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30	Not reported	Melt compounding and injection molding	[10]
Polyethylene	Biochar	1 and 5	480	Solvent casting and melt mixing	[41]
Polypropylene	Biochar	15, 25, 30 and 35	900	Melt compounding and Injection molding	[5]
Polypropylene	Biochar Wood MAPP	24 Concentration not reported 0–3	900	Melt extrusion and injection molding	[42]
Polypropylene	Biochar Wood MAPP	6, 12, 18, 24, 30. 30 4	400 and 450	Melt extrusion and hot compression	[43]
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)	Biochar	2, 6 and 10	Not reported	Solvent casting	[33]
Epoxy	Biochar Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)	2, 4 and 20	950 (BCHT)	Resin curing	[34]
Epoxy	Biochar	5, 10, 15 and 20	400, 600, 800 and 1000	Resin curing	[44]
UHMWPE	Biochar	60, 70 and 80	1100	Melt extrusion and hot compression	[45]
PLA	Biochar	1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5	700	Melt mixing and solvent casting	[46]
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)	Biochar	30, 40, 50, 60, 70	500	Melt mixing and extrusion	[47]