Table 2.
Pulse amount, energy and nutrient intake for non-consumers and by quartile of pulse consumers based on 2-day dietary intakes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2014.
| Non-Consumers (n = 3270) |
Pulse Consumers (n = 1325) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (n = 294) |
Quartile 2 (n = 336) |
Quartile 3 (n = 322) |
Quartile 4 (n = 373) |
||
| ----------------------------------Mean ± SE---------------------------------- | |||||
| Pulse intake (g/day) | ------ | 17.1 ± 0.5 | 40.7 ± 0.4 | 69.4 ± 0.6 | 156.2 ± 4.2 |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2029 ± 14 | 2014 ± 39 | 2101 ± 40 | 2333 ± 50 * | 2486 ± 50 * |
| Macronutrients | |||||
| Protein (g/day) | 81.0 ± 0.6 | 81.6 ± 1.8 | 84.5 ± 2.0 | 90.7 ± 2.4 * | 100.1 ± 2.1 * |
| Protein (% kcal) | 16.4 ± 0.1 | 16.5 ± 0.2 | 16.2 ± 0.3 | 15.9 ± 0.2 | 16.4 ± 0.2 * |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 240.3 ± 1.8 | 229.2 ± 4.7 | 251.7 ± 5.0 * | 284.1 ± 6.3 * | 308.3 ± 6.2 * |
| Carbohydrates (% kcal) | 47.6 ± 0.2 | 46.1 ± 0.5 | 48.5 ± 0.5 | 49.3 ± 0.5 | 50.2 ± 0.4 * |
| Total Fat (g/day) | 78.8 ± 0.6 | 79.4 ± 2.0 | 80.6 ± 1.9 | 87.9 ± 2.6 | 89.7 ± 2.2 * |
| Total Fat (% kcal) | 34.6 ± 0.1 | 35.1 ± 0.5 | 34.0 ± 0.3 | 33.3 ± 0.4 * | 32.0 ± 0.3 * |
| Fiber, total dietary (g/day) | 15.4 ± 0.1 | 18.1 ± 0.4 * | 18.5 ± 0.4 * | 23.6 ± 0.7 * | 28.6 ± 0.6 * |
| Fiber, total dietary (g/1000 kcal) | 7.8 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.2 * | 9.3 ± 0.2 * | 10.6 ± 0.2 * | 12.2 ± 0.2 * |
| Micronutrients | |||||
| Calcium (mg/day) | 940 ± 9 | 1050 ± 36 | 970 ± 26 * | 1096 ± 28 * | 1196 ± 31 * |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 285 ± 2 | 318 ± 6 * | 310 ± 7 * | 374 ± 12 * | 383 ± 7 * |
| Iron (mg/day) | 14.2 ± 0.1 | 14.5 ± 0.4 | 14.6 ± 0.3 * | 17.4 ± 0.5 * | 18.5 ± 0.4 * |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1341 ± 10 | 1409 ± 32 | 1405 ±31 | 1559 ± 39 * | 1691 ± 34 * |
| Selenium (mcg/day) | 116.0 ± 0.9 | 109.5 ± 2.4 | 116.1 ± 2.8 | 126.0 ± 4.2 | 131.3 ± 3.1 * |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 10.9 ± 0.1 | 11.2 ± 0.3 | 11.5 ± 0.3 * | 13.0 ± 0.4 * | 13.1 ± 0.3 * |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 2537 ± 18 | 2655 ± 49 | 2701 ± 54 * | 3191 ± 69 * | 3271 ± 58 * |
| Folate, food (mcg/day) | 204 ± 2 | 239 ± 6 * | 227 ± 5 * | 282 ± 0.8 * | 357 ± 10 * |
| Niacin (mg/day) | 25.8 ± 0.2 | 26.0 ± 0.7 | 25.3 ± 0.9 | 28.0 ± 1.2 | 29.3 ± 0.7 * |
| Riboflavin (mg/day) | 2.1 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 * | 2.3 ± 0.1 * |
| Thiamin (mg/day) | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 * | 2.0 ± 0.1 * |
| Choline, total (mg/day) | 324 ± 3 | 328 ± 8 | 329 ± 8 | 375 ± 11 * | 413 ± 10 * |
| Micronutrient Density | |||||
| Calcium (mg/1000 kcal) | 475 ± 3 | 519 ± 12 | 467 ± 9 | 484 ± 10 | 448 ± 8 |
| Magnesium (mg/1000 kcal) | 146 ± 1 | 164 ± 3 * | 152 ± 3 * | 164 ± 3 * | 161 ± 2 * |
| Iron (mg/1000 kcal) | 7.1 ± 0.0 | 7.5 ± 0.2 * | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 * | 7.7 ± 0.1 * |
| Phosphorus (mg/1000 kcal) | 672 ± 3 | 704 ± 9 | 673 ± 8 | 681 ± 9 * | 693 ± 7 * |
| Selenium (mcg/1000 kcal) | 58.5 ± 0.3 | 55.8 ± 0.9 | 56.3 ± 1.1 * | 54.2 ± 0.9 * | 53.3 ± 0.8 * |
| Zinc (mg/1000 kcal) | 5.4 ± 0.0 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1 * | 5.4 ± 0.1 * |
| Potassium (mg/1000 kcal) | 1296 ± 7 | 1370 ± 22 | 1330 ± 20 * | 1357 ± 22 * | 1345 ± 20 * |
| Folate, DFE ** (mcg/1000 kcal) | 105 ± 1 | 124 ± 4 * | 114 ± 3 * | 127 ± 4.0 * | 151 ± 4.0 * |
| Niacin (mg/1000 kcal) | 13.0 ± 0.1 | 13.4 ± 0.3 | 12.1 ± 0.3 * | 12.1 ± 0.2 | 11.9 ± 0.2 * |
| Riboflavin (mg/1000 kcal) | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 * |
| Thiamin (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 * |
| Choline (mg/1000 kcal) | 163 ± 1 | 166 ± 3 | 160 ± 3.0 | 165 ± 3.0 * | 169 ± 3.0 * |
* Significantly (p < 0.01) different from non-consumers; ** DFE = dietary folate equivalents