| ADD2 | Adducin 2 |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| DII | Dietary inflammatory index |
| DMR | Differentially methylated region |
| CASP | Critical Appraisal Skills Program |
| CpG | Cytosine-phosphate-guanine |
| FDR | False discovery rate |
| GA | Gestational age |
| GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GWG | Gestational weight gain |
| GR | Glucocorticoid receptor |
| HA | High active |
| HSD2 | 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 |
| IGF-2 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 |
| LA | Low active |
| LGA | Large for gestational age |
| LINE | Long interspersed nuclear elements |
| LTPA | Leisure-time physical activity |
| MEG3 | Maternally expressed 3 |
| MEST | Mesoderm-specific transcript |
| miRNA | MicroRNA |
| NNAT | Neuronatin |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| PEG | Polyethylen glycol |
| PLAG1 | Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 |
| RCT | Randomized Controlled Trial |
| RoB | Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool |
| RXRs | Retinoid X receptors |
| SGCE | Sarcoglycan epsilon |
| SNP | Single-nucleotide polymorphism |
| SST | Somastostetin |
| SSTR4 | Somatostatin receptor 4 |
| TNDM | Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus |
| UC | Umbilical cord |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| USA | United States of America |
| 5′ UTR | 5′ Untranslated region |