Table 3.

Quality Assessment of Cohort Studies.

Study	Did the Study Address a Clearly Focused Issue?	Was the Cohort Recruited in an Acceptable Way?	Was the Exposure Accurately Measured to Minimize Bias?	Was the Outcome Accurately Measured to Minimize Bias?	Have the Authors Identified All Important Confounding Factors?	Have They Accounted for the Confounding Factors in the Design and/or Analysis?	Was the Follow-up of Subjects Complete Enough?	Was the Follow-up of Subjects Long Enough?	Are the Results Precise?	Do You Believe the Results?	Can the Results Be Applied to the Local Population?	Do the Results of This Study Fit with Other Available Evidence?	Are there Implications of This Study for Practice?
Daniels et al., 2020 [12]	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can’t tell	Can’t tell	Yes	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Can’t tell
Drake et al., 2021 [13]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Godfrey et al. [14]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Gonzalez-Nahm et al., 2017 [25]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Marshall et al., 2018 [4]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Can’t tell	No	No	No	No
McCullough et al., 2015 [6]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
McCullough et al., 2017 [3]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Miyaso et al., 2017 [16]	Yes	Can’t tell	Can’t tell	Yes	No	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Thakali et al., 2020 [22]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Can’t tell	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Trumpff et al., 2021 [23]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Yan et al., 2019 [24]	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

The study quality and bias assessment was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Cohort Study Checklist [11].