Table 4.
The prevalence of the risk factors for malnutrition among all participants at baseline and at follow-up and the positive predictive values.
| Risk Factor of Malnutrition | Baseline | Follow-Up | PPV, % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n (%) | n | n (%) | ||
| Polypharmacy | 127 | 86 (68) | |||
| Risk of dysphagia (EAT10 ≥ 3) | 125 | 34 (27) | 92 | 15 (16) | 33 |
| Risk of depression (GDS ≥ 2) | 123 | 27 (22) | 91 | 24 (26) | 63 |
| Activities of daily living | |||||
| Needs help cooking | 125 | 29 (23) | 90 | 24 (27) | 84 |
| Needs help eating | 126 | 1 (0.8) | 92 | 3 (3) | 100 |
| Needs help grocery shopping | 126 | 25 (20) | 92 | 21 (23) | 82 |
| Low muscle strength in lower extremities | |||||
| STS-test < 5, or STS-test > 5 or ≤ 8 + GS ≤ 0.6 m/s | 82 | 43 (52) | 76 | 25 (33) | 67 |
| Eating Symptom questionnaire, problems with: | |||||
| Chewing | 124 | 21 (17) | 93 | 16 (17) | 50 |
| Diarrhea | 125 | 34 (27) | 93 | 19 (20) | 46 |
| Xerostomia | 125 | 77 (62) | 92 | 47 (51) | 70 |
| Constipation | 125 | 37 (30) | 93 | 24 (26) | 63 |
| Nausea | 125 | 50 (40) | 93 | 24 (26) | 47 |
| Pain in mouth | 124 | 23 (19) | 92 | 12 (13) | 36 |
| Vomiting | 125 | 25 (20) | 93 | 12 (13) | 33 |
| Impaired cognition | |||||
| Moderately impaired (OMC 7–10) Severely impaired (OMC > 10) |
124 | 68 (55) 28 (23) |
90 90 |
63 (70) 12 (13) |
80 27 |
Abbreviations: EAT-10: Eating Assessment Tool-10, GDS: geriatric depression score, STS: 30 s Sit-To-Stand Test, GS: gait speed, ESQ: Eating symptom Questionnaire, OMC: Orientation Memory and Concentration Test.