Table 3.
Select components of the GRAS-based Radioprotectant Formula, and associated cellular targets.* [75].
| Component | Target |
|---|---|
| Vitamin B1 | Insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory |
| Vitamin B3 | Insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory |
| Vitamin B6 | Insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory, scavenges O2− |
| Vitamin B12 | Insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory |
| Vitamin E | Antioxidants in the lipid membrane, scavenges O2−, H2O2 |
| Astaxanthin | Suppresses NF-κB activation, lipid antioxidant |
| Bioflavonoids | O2−, metal chelator |
| Coenzyme Q10 | Mitochondrial support, antioxidant in mitochondria |
| Green Tea | Antioxidants in the cytosol, scavenges O2−, H2O2 |
| Glutathione | Enzymatic antioxidant support, antioxidants in the cytosol |
| N-Acetylcysteine | Mucolytic, hepatocyte support |
| Zinc | Neural support (zinc þ antioxidants), insulin sensitivity |
| Lutein | Retinal radioprotectant, ROS scavenger in the lens |
| Folic Acid | Antioxidant, maintains glutathione levels, endothelial support |
| Vitamin C | Antioxidants in the cytosol, scavenges O2−, H2O2 |
| Vitamin D | Antioxidants in the lipid membrane |
| Alpha Lipoic Acid | Mitochondrial support, antioxidant, insulin sensitivity |
| Chromium | Insulin sensitivity, scavenges H2O2 |
| Omega-3 FA | Anti-inflammatory, membrane fluidity |
| Vitamin A | Antioxidant in lipid membrane and retina |
| Magnesium | Insulin sensitivity, cellular support |
| Potassium | Insulin sensitivity, cellular support |
| Selenium | Enzymatic antioxidant support, insulin sensitivity, scavenges H2O2 |
| Resveratrol | Mitochondrial support, increase SOD activity, scavenges O2−, H2O2 |
* This is not meant to be a complete list or an exhaustive rendering of functions for each of the formula components. The functions are presented only in the context of their innate action. Synergistic and recycling interactions among components are not included.