Table 1.
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the IFG-IFG and IFG-DM groups in the total population.
| Study 1 | Study 2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 117) | p | Total (n = 500) | p | |||||||
| IFG-IFG (n = 62) | IFG-DM (n = 55) | IFG-IFG (n = 384) | IFG-DM (n = 116) | |||||||
| Age (year) | 48.2 | ±1.41 | 49.3 | ±1.23 | 0.564 | 48.1 | ±0.53 | 52.9 | ±0.91 | <0.001 |
| Male/female, n (%) | 29 (46.8)/33 (53.2) | 26 (47.3)/29 (52.7) | 0.957 | 196 (51.0)/188 (49.0) | 54 (46.6)/62 (53.5) | 0.458 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 | ±0.43 | 26.1 | ±0.43 | 0.197 | 24.8 | ±0.16 | 26.1 | ±0.30 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.4 | ±1.17 | 86.4 | ±1.01 | 0.188 | 83.3 | ±0.45 | 87.1 | ±0.85 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.8 | ±1.38 | 124.4 | ±1.82 | 0.852 | 127.6 | ±0.79 | 129.1 | ±1.42 | 0.347 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.2 | ±1.20 | 77.8 | ±0.87 | 0.757 | 79.3 | ±0.63 | 77.1 | ±1.13 | 0.105 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 109.0 | ±0.89 | 113.0 | ±1.13 | 0.006 ∮ | 107.0 | ±0.39 | 112.8 | ±0.62 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 140.6 | ±9.95 | 149.9 | ±10.5 | 0.465 ∮ | 149.3 | ±5.39 | 181.2 | ±11.1 | 0.006 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191.9 | ±3.85 | 191.7 | ±4.34 | 0.897 ∮ | 194.2 | ±1.76 | 201.9 | ±3.37 | 0.037 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.2 | ±1.08 | 50.6 | ±1.32 | 0.932 ∮ | 52.4 | ±0.62 | 50.2 | ±1.16 | 0.094 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117.7 | ±3.33 | 112.1 | ±4.05 | 0.202 ∮ | 118.2 | ±1.64 | 122.3 | ±3.14 | 0.235 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22.9 | ±1.29 | 23.9 | ±1.02 | 0.204 ∮ | 23.1 | ±0.49 | 28.1 | ±1.40 | <0.001 ∮ |
| ALT (IU/L) | 25.2 | ±2.02 | 28.8 | ±1.63 | 0.020 ∮ | 25.8 | ±0.97 | 37.7 | ±3.57 | <0.001 † |
| GGT (IU/L) | 30.0 | ±2.34 | 36.6 | ±2.54 | 0.016 ∮ | 39.1 | ±1.99 | 47.4 | ±4.94 | 0.008 † |
Mean ± standard error (SE). Comparisons were conducted between the IFG-IFG group (IFG at baseline and follow-up) and the IFG-DM group (IFG at baseline but developed DM after the 7-year mean follow-up period). Continuous variables were tested using an independent t-test, and variables marked with ∮ were tested using a logarithmic transformation. Continuous variables with a nonnormal distribution, even after the logarithmic transformation, were tested using a Mann–Whitney U test, and p-values are marked with †. Sex distribution was tested using a chi-squared test. DM: diabetes mellitus, IFG: impaired fasting glucose, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, BMI: body mass index, GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein.