Table 2.
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the IFG-IFG and IFG-DM groups after stratification by BMI.
| Study 1 | Nonobese (n = 58) | Obese (n = 59) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFG-IFG (n = 35) | IFG-DM (n = 23) | p | IFG-IFG (n = 27) | IFG-DM (n = 32) | p | |||||
| Age (year) | 47.1 | ±2.10 | 50.5 | ±1.95 | 0.268 | 49.6 | ±1.75 | 48.4 | ±1.59 | 0.921 † |
| Male/female, n (%) | 20 (57.1)/15 (42.9) | 13 (56.5)/10 (43.5) | 0.963 | 9 (33.3)/18 (66.7) | 13 (40.6)/19 (59.4) | 0.564 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 | ±0.21 | 23.4 | ±0.26 | 0.328 † | 28.1 | ±0.61 | 28.0 | ±0.47 | 0.563 † |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.7 | ±1.08 | 80.7 | ±1.22 | 0.974 | 89.2 | ±1.92 | 90.3 | ±0.92 | 0.607 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.3 | ±2.06 | 125.5 | ±2.77 | 0.951 | 124.2 | ±1.75 | 123.6 | ±2.44 | 0.850 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.3 | ±1.83 | 77.1 | ±1.52 | 0.404 | 76.9 | ±1.41 | 48.3 | ±1.04 | 0.429 † |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 107.3 | ±1.08 | 112.1 | ±1.80 | 0.020 ∮ | 111.0 | ±1.41 | 113.6 | ±1.47 | 0.219 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 129.7 | ±10.8 | 137.8 | ±16.5 | 0.859 ∮ | 154.9 | ±18.0 | 158.6 | ±13.7 | 0.586 ∮ |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.9 | ±4.59 | 187.3 | ±8.13 | 0.762 | 194.5 | ±6.61 | 194.8 | ±4.68 | 0.837 † |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.5 | ±1.26 | 51.2 | ±2.20 | 0.903 | 48.6 | ±1.84 | 50.3 | ±1.66 | 0.501 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 116.2 | ±3.94 | 108.6 | ±6.64 | 0.302 | 119.7 | ±5.76 | 114.6 | ±5.12 | 0.461 † |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.3 | ±1.31 | 21.7 | ±1.39 | 0.799 † | 24.9 | ±2.39 | 25.5 | ±1.40 | 0.156 † |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23.5 | ±2.58 | 24.9 | ±2.14 | 0.106 † | 27.4 | ±3.22 | 31.6 | ±2.23 | 0.081 ∮ |
| GGT (U/L) | 29.1 | ±3.29 | 28.2 | ±2.30 | 0.553 ∮ | 31.1 | ±3.31 | 42.7 | ±3.71 | 0.017 ∮ |
| Study 2 | Nonobese (n= 263) | Obese (n= 237) | ||||||||
| IFG-IFG (n = 218) | IFG-DM (n= 45) | p | IFG-IFG (n= 166) | IFG-DM (n= 71) | p | |||||
| Age (year) | 47.7 | ±0.72 | 54.0 | ±1.50 | <0.001 | 48.8 | ±0.80 | 52.2 | ±1.15 | 0.017 |
| Male/female, n (%) | 100 (45.9)/118 (54.1) | 17 (37.8)/28 (62.2) | 0.407 | 96 (57.8)/70 (42.2) | 37 (52.1)/34 (47.9) | 0.416 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 | ±0.12 | 22.9 | ±0.22 | 0.689 | 27.5 | ±0.17 | 28.2 | ±0.24 | 0.028 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.5 | ±0.50 | 79.2 | ±1.05 | 0.555 | 89.6 | ±0.54 | 92.0 | ±0.78 | 0.015 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.7 | ±1.06 | 124.3 | ±2.27 | 0.877 | 131.4 | ±1.11 | 132.1 | ±1.75 | 0.728 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.5 | ±0.84 | 77.3 | ±1.89 | 0.540 | 80.2 | ±0.94 | 77.1 | ±1.42 | 0.065 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 106.3 | ±0.53 | 112.4 | ±0.99 | <0.001 | 107.9 | ±0.57 | 113.0 | ±0.79 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 130.2 | ±5.08 | 157.0 | ±13.2 | 0.035 | 174.5 | ±10.2 | 196.5 | ±15.9 | 0.244 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.5 | ±2.37 | 198.6 | ±4.80 | 0.281 | 196.5 | ±2.62 | 204.1 | ±4.59 | 0.133 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.4 | ±0.88 | 52.3 | ±1.93 | 0.331 | 49.8 | ±0.81 | 48.9 | ±1.44 | 0.563 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.2 | ±2.07 | 120.3 | ±4.81 | 0.666 | 118.3 | ±2.65 | 123.6 | ±4.14 | 0.280 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.8 | ±0.62 | 23.5 | ±1.34 | 0.269 | 24.7 | ±0.76 | 31.1 | ±2.05 | <0.001 † |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.9 | ±1.17 | 24.7 | ±2.40 | 0.539 | 29.5 | ±1.60 | 45.9 | ±5.43 | <0.001 ∮ |
| GGT (U/L) | 32.6 | ±2.36 | 43.9 | ±11.01 | 0.126 ∮ | 47.6 | ±3.28 | 49.6 | ±4.13 | 0.731 |
Mean ± standard error (SE). Comparisons were conducted between the IFG-IFG group (IFG at baseline and follow-up) and the IFG-DM group (IFG at baseline but developed DM after the 7-year mean follow-up period) in each stratified subset (nonobese and obese). Continuous variables with a normal distribution were tested using an independent t-test; the variables with p-values marked with ∮ were tested following a logarithmic transformation to fit a normal distribution. Continuous variables with a nonnormal distribution, even after logarithmic transformation, were tested using a Mann–Whitney U test, and p-values are marked with †. Sex distribution was tested using a chi-squared test. DM: diabetes mellitus, IFG: impaired fasting glucose, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, BMI: body mass index, GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein.