Table 1.
Characteristics of commercial topical products with NSAIDs.
| Commercial Name and Batch Number (Type of Formulation) | Drug and Its Concentration (mg/g) |
Excipients (from Manufacturer’s Label) | pH Mean ± SD (n = 4) |
Conductivity (mS/m) Mean ± SD (n = 4) |
Viscosity (mPa·s) Mean ± SD (n = 4) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 rpm | 75 rpm | |||||
| Dolgit®, Lot: 811007, (cream) |
Ibuprofen (IBU), 50 | Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium, medium-chain triglycerides, glycerol monostearate, polyoxyethylene 30 stearate, polyoxyethylene 100 stearate, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, lavender oil, orange oil, purified water | 5.99 ± 0.05 | 15.57 ± 0.18 | 32,567 ± 1097 | 7397 ± 55 |
| Ketonal®, Lot: JE4531, (gel) |
Ketoprofen (KTP), 25 | Carbomer, triethanolamine, lavender essential oil, ethanol 96%, purified water | 6.31 ± 0.08 | 210.45 ± 2.90 | 54,367 ± 1801 | 11,311 ± 328 |
| Naproxen EMO, Lot: 81671, (gel) | Naproxen (NPX), 100 | Chloralhydrate, levomenthol, ethanol 96%, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium hydroxide, carbomer, purified water | 7.48 ± 0.08 | 1049.50 ± 4.95 | 62,233 ± 1290 | 12,851 ± 311 |
| Olfen®, Lot: T26318A, (gel) |
Diclofenac sodium (DNa), 10 | Isopropyl adipinate, lactic acid, isopropyl alcohol, sodium pyrosulphite, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, purified water | 6.13 ± 0.02 | 63.28 ± 0.62 | 26,733 ± 2003 | 6933 ± 127 |
| Traumon®, Lot: 3832641, (gel) |
Etofenamate (ETF), 100 | Carbomer, fatty alcohol-polyglycol-ether, sodium hydroxide, isopropyl alcohol, macrogol 400, propylene glycol, purified water | 5.15 ± 0.05 | 10.90 ± 0.02 | 62,567 ± 1060 | 13,005 ± 100 |
| Voltaren® Emulgel®, Lot: 2G3R, (emulsion gel) |
Diclofenac diethylamine (DEA), 11.6 (equivalent to 10 mg/g diclofenac sodium) | Carbomer, cocoyl caprylocaprate, diethylamine, isopropyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, macrogol cetostearyl ether, perfume, propylene glycol, purified water | 7.41 ± 0.04 | 140.10 ± 0.57 | 30,633 ± 513 | 7623 ± 110 |
| Voltaren® Max, Lot: 876D, (emulsion gel) |
Diclofenac diethylamine (DEA), 23.2 (equivalent to 20 mg/g diclofenac sodium) | Butylhydroxytoluene, carbomer, cocoyl caprylocaprate, diethylamine, isopropyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, macrogol cetostearyl ether, oleyl alcohol, perfume, propylene glycol, purified water | 7.45 ± 0.02 | 195.40 ± 1.56 | 30,167 ± 153 | 6670 ± 437 |
| Ketospray® forte, Lot: 216554-21, (topical spray, solution) | Ketoprofen (KTP), 100 | Propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, soya lecithin, ethanol, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, disodium phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium hydroxide, peppermint oil, purified water | 7.22 ± 0.02 | 806.15 ± 1.77 | n/a | n/a |
| Traumon® aerosol, Lot: 3823121, (topical spray, solution) | Etofenamate (ETF), 100 | Diisopropyl adipate, fatty alcohol-polyglycol-ether, macrogol 400, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, purified water | 6.45 ± 0.13 | 1.66 ± 0.01 | n/a | n/a |