Table 1.

Articles comparing MMSE test for Alzheimer’s disease by telemedicine versus face-to-face examination.

N	Study Type	Participants	Telemedicine Mode	Delay between Testing Modalities	Findings	Ref
1	Pilot	28	VTC	6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The interval between each administration was 2 weeks	No differences in the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores when the tests were administered FTF or by videoconference MMSE of mean ± SD reported for face-to-face examination (13.9 ± 4.9), ADAS-cog (9.0 ± 3.8), videoconference (42.8 ± 12.5), and ADAS-cog mean (56.9 ± SD 5.5).	[13]
2	Pilot	69	Telephone and VTC	1 month after the MMSE FTF assessment; 2-month interval from the VTC administration	A strong association between the TICSM-(Portuguese version) applied by videoconference and by telephone (r = 0.885), and between them and the MMSE FTF (r = 0.801)	[33]
3	Clinical trail	202	VTC	Same day	MMMSE administered via VTC and FTF was comparable (with the score is >15). The correlation of score obtained by FTF and video teleconference of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) administration was significantly high (mean: 0.80).	[27]
4	Experimental	342	VTC	Within 6 weeks	VMMSE is comparable with MMSE FTF, but with the cut-off at 28.	[34]
5	Clinical trail	71	VTC	6 and 7 weeks	No difference between VMMSE and face-to-face (p = 0.223) examinations.	[35]
6	Longitudinal	20	VTC	-	The agreement between FTF and videoconference indicates that telemedical assessment is valid to diagnosed AD. The mean MMSE FTF was 23.3 (SD 3.6), VMMSE by videoconference was 24.2 (SD 3.7).	[28]
7	Experimental	20	VTC	-	MMSE by videoconference and FTF yielded similar results in 60% of patients. However, there was a moderate difference in 40% of two points or more on the MMSE.	[36]