Table 3.
Selected Examples of Carbohydrate Quality Indicators and their Combinations.
| Nutrient-Based Indicators |
Food-Based Indicators |
Health-Based Indicators |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fiber | Cereal Fiber | 10:1 Carb:Fiber Ratio | Carb: Cereal Fiber Ratio | Starch: Cereal Fiber Ratio | Whole Grain | Whole Grain: Total Carb Ratio | Solid Carb: Total Carb Ratio | Glycemic Index/ Response | |
| Buyken 2014 [23] | X | X | X | ||||||
| Zazpe 2014 [18] | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Augustin 2015 [22] | X | ||||||||
| Zazpe 2016 [19] | X | X | X | X | |||||
| AlEssa 2018 [27] | X | X | X | ||||||
| Reynolds 2019 [25] | X | X | X | ||||||
| Hardy 2020 [24] | X | X | X | ||||||
| Liu 2020 [28] | X | ||||||||
| Sawicki 2021 [26] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||