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. 2021 Jul 27;11(8):725. doi: 10.3390/jpm11080725

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Characteristics and risk analysis in patients with actual HbA1c and ECG-HbA1c. (A) Patient characteristics in different ECG-HbA1c groups and real HbA1c groups. Bars represent the mean or proportion where appropriate and corresponding 95% conference intervals, which are adjusted by real HbA1c in each group via linear or logistic regression. Significant tests are based on the trend test (*: p for trend < 0.05; **: p for trend <0.01; ***: p for trend <0.001), and the sign represents the correlation direction. (B) Risk matrixes of ECG-HbA1c and HbA1c groups on DM related complications. The hazard ratios (HRs) are based on a Cox proportional hazard model before and after adjusting by gender and age. The color gradient represents the risk of corresponding group.