Table 5.

Function of other polyphenols and in promotion of muscle health and prevention of muscle atrophy.

	Compounds/Derivatives	Model	Effects	References
Others	Curcumin	LPS—induced muscle atrophy in mice	Prevented muscle loss inhibited atrogin-1 expression and P38 activation	[150]
	Curcumin	COPD-induced rat model	Attenuated muscle fiber atrophy improved mitochondrial structure decreased oxidative stress and inflammation	[151]
	Curcumin	STZ-induced diabetic mice model	Prevented skeletal muscle atrophy Inhibited ubiquitin ligases expression	[152]
	Curcumin	CKD-induced muscle atrophy in mice	Protected body weight and fiber CSA Increased mitochondrial biogenesis Suppressed oxidative stress and GSK-3β expression	[153]
	Curcumin c3 complex	Human skeletal myoblast cell and tumor-induced muscle wasting in vivo	Prevented cachexia-induced muscle wasting Decreased 20S proteasome activity Improved muscle characteristics	[154]
	Curcumin	Hypoxia induced muscle atrophy of rat	Reduced muscle protein degradation Increased myofibrillar proliferation and differentiation reduced oxidative stress	[155]
	Curcumin	Tail suspension-induced muscle atrophy in rat	Prevented loss of muscle mass promotes Grp94 protein expression	[156]
	Curcumin	Immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in rats	Improved recovery during reloading prevented proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity and caspase-9-associated apoptosome activity	[157].
	Curcumin	HLS-induced muscle atrophy in mice	Attenuated muscle proteolysis elicited Sirt1 activity	[158]
	Curcumin with fish oil	HLS-induced atrophy in mice	Mitigated unloading-induced decrease in fiber CSA Increased HSP70 level phosphorylated Akt and p70S6K Decreased Nox2 level	[159]