Table 2.
Biomarker panels to differentiate acute ischemic stroke from non-IS conditions.
| Biomarker Origin | Proteins | Biomarker Level in IS | Biomarker Level in Control | Cut-Off Point | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | Study Sample | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain Cells, Endothelium/Matrix, Blood | MMP9 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 91.7% | 93.0% | 0.99 | Healthy controls | [36] |
| BNGF | |||||||||
| vWF | |||||||||
| MCP-1 | |||||||||
| S-100B | |||||||||
| Brain Cells, Endothelium/Matrix | Eotaxin | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.92 | Stroke mimics | [22] | |
| EGFR | |||||||||
| S100A12 | |||||||||
| TIMP-4 | |||||||||
| Prolactin | |||||||||
| Brain Cells, Endothelium/Matrix, Blood | BNP | 90.8 (±156.4) pg/mL | 11.3 (±6.1) pg/mL | N/A | 91.0% | 21.5% | N/A | Healthy controls and stroke mimics | [34] |
| D-dimer | 888.1 (±1289) ng/mL | 188.6 (±113.8) ng/mL | |||||||
| MMP9 | 242.1 (±242.6) ng/mL | 211.2 (±184.8) ng/mL | |||||||
| S100B | 103.1 (±13.6) pg/mL | 188.6 (±147.1) pg/mL | |||||||
| Brain Cells, Endothelium/Matrix, Blood | IL-6 | 4.0 (0.8–12.3) pg/mL | 1.2 (0.0–2.4) pg/mL | - | N/A | N/A | 0.75 | Stroke mimics | [48] |
| S100B | 63.3 (29.7–122.8) ng/mL | 33.8 (15.4–60.8) ng/mL | |||||||
| MMP-9 | 30.4 (0–115.2) pg/mL | 2.3 (0.0–20.6) pg/mL | |||||||
MMP-9—matrix metalloproteinase-9; BNGF—B-type neurotrophic growth factor; vWF—von Willebrand factor; MCP-1—monocyte chemotactic protein-1; S100B—S100 calcium binding protein B; EGFR—epidermal growth factor receptor; S100A12—calcium binding protein A12; TIMP-4—metalloproteinase inhibitor-4; BNP—B-type natriuretic peptide; IL-6—interleukin-6; N/A—not available.