Table 5.

Formwork pressure measurement tools.

Pressure Measurement Tools	Formwork Type	Type of Structure\Dimensions	Reference
Mounted pressure sensor	Steel	Wall structure of dimensions 0.2 m × 0.75 m × 2.7 m & 0.25 m × 4.9 m × 4.7 m & 0.20 × 0.20 × 0.975 m	[37]
Strain gauge- based pressure sensors	Steel	Three walls and one column	[46,74]
Flush Diaphragm Millivolt Output Type pressure sensors	Steel	Retaining walls	[13]
Pressure transducers	Steel	Lab setup	[49]
Pressure sensors with 19 mm diameter and electronic transducers with 0–1380 kPa range and 0.25% accuracy	PVC	Lab setup using PVC with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 700 mm.	[67]
Honeywell ABH100PSC1B pressure sensors rated for 0 to 689 kPa.	Thick plywood panels mounted on steel frames	Security Wall 0.27 m thick, 6 m tall, and 400 m long wall	[70]
Pressure transducers Omega PX43E0-100GI and load cells attached to tie-bars and pressure transducers installed in the inner surface of fresh concrete	Steel	Used 8 different walls dimensions Walls Nos. 1, 3, 5 and 7 are 6.6 m in height, 2.4 m in length, and 0.2 m in thickness. Walls Nos. 2, 4 and 6 differ only by height = 4.2 m. Wall no 8 is 4.2 m in height but had a thickness of 0.4 m	[68]
Pressure transducer	Steel	Column 2 m height	[19]
Pressure sensors with a diameter of 87 mm placed at 0.135 m, 0.375 m and 0.75 m from the bottom	N\A	Column (0.2 × 0.2 × 1.2) m	[17]
Linear variable differential transformers and high-precision digital micrometre strain gages	A Plexiglas acrylic	Lab setup rectangular sample 1600 mm height, 400 mm length, and 200 mm width	[79]
Flush diaphragm pressure sensors	Transparent plastic	Lab setup with square column dimension 16 × 16 × 70 cm	[11]