Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of the study design. Mid-coronal and disc specimens were prepared for sensitive models and applied by desensitizing treatments. Mid-coronal specimens were bonded with universal adhesives, restored by resin composite, then sectioned into beams and slabs. μTBS were tested on bonded beams. Adhesive interfaces were observed on bonded slabs by CLSM and SEM. Dentin tubular occlusion before and after adhesive application were analyzed by SEM. Wettability of universal adhesives was measured by the contact angle.