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Nanoleakage within the resin–dentin bonding interfaces in etch-and-rinse mode or self-etch mode. (a) All-Bond Universal (ABU). (b) Single Bond Universal (SBU). (c) Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB). A silver-free zone distributed along adhesive interfaces in self-etch mode. Spotted silver deposits were restricted to the hybrid layer of etch-and-rinse mode. Solid arrowhead: nanoleakage indicated by silver deposits. ER: etch-and-rinse mode; SE: self-etch mode.
