Table 1.
Representation of devil’s claw in pharmacopeias and authoritative compendia.
| Source | Species Included | Year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Official monographs | |||
| British Herbal Pharmacopoeia | H. procumbens | 1981 | [154] |
| Pharmacopée française | H. procumbens | 1989 | [155] |
| Kommission E |
H. procumbens (corrected) Monograph was informed by [65,156] |
1990 | [157] |
| Pharmacopée française | H. procumbens dry extract | 1992 | [158] |
| DAB 10 2nd. Supplement | H. procumbens | 1993 | [159] |
| European Pharmacopoeia 3rd ed. | H. procumbens | 1997 | [160] |
| European Pharmacopoeia 4th ed. Suppl. 4.3 | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (revised) | 2003 | [161] |
| Pharmacopée française |
H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (homoeopathic preparations) |
2007 | [162] |
| European Pharmacopoeia 7th ed. | Devil’s claw dry extract | 2008 | [163] |
| Health Canada | H. procumbens | 2008 | [164] |
| European Pharmacopoeia 7th ed. | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (revised) | 2011 | [165] |
| Polish Pharmacopoeia 8 | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri | 2008 | [166] |
| USP Herbal Medicines Compendium | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (draft) | 2013 | [153] |
| European Medicines Agency (EMA) | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (revised from 2008) | 2016 | [15,167,168] |
| European Pharmacopoeia 9.6 | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (revised) | 2018 | [169] |
| State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri | 2018 | [170] |
| Health Canada | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri (revised from 2008) | 2018 | [164] |
| Authoritative compendia | |||
| ESCOP | H. procumbens | 1996 | [171] |
| ESCOP |
H. procumbens (revised) (omission of H. zeyheri is discussed in [172,173]) |
2003 | [16] |
| World Health Organization | H. procumbens | 2007 | [174] |
| African Herbal Pharmacopoeia | H. procumbens | 2010 | [175] |
| Martindale | H. procumbens (continuously revised from 1997) | 2017 | [176] |
| Other compendia | |||
| Longwood Herbal Task Force | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri | 1999 | [177] |
| Herbal Medicines | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri | 2015 | [178] |
| Phytopharmacy | H. procumbens/H. zeyheri | 2015 | [179] |
| Kooperation Phytopharmaka | H. procumbens | 2020 | [180] |