Table A3.
Effects of oral supplementation of brown seaweed derived phytosterols on inflammation-related parameters.
| Compound/Format | Effective Concentrations | Algal Source | Experimental Model | Inflammatory Phase 1 | Significant Findings 2 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seaweed extract containing fucosterol Enzyme-modified extract |
NH: 200 mg/kg EH: 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg; 3 weeks |
Sargassum fusiforme = Hijiki | Male C57BL/6 mice; ConA activation induced splenocyte proliferation |
1 | ↑ splenocyte proliferation In peritoneal Macrophages:↓ IL-6 ↓ IL-1β ↓ TNF-α (EH > NH) |
[22] |
| Lipid extract containing 24(S)-Saringo-sterol | 50% (w/w), 10 weeks | Sargassum fusiforme | APPswePS1ΔE9 Mice, Alzheimer’s disease +/− seaweed supplement |
3 | ↑ LXR-responsive gene expression in CNS ↑ ApoE |
[118] |
| Fucosterol extract | 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg; 3 days |
Eisenia bicyclis | Male BALB/c mice, ConA- induced acute liver injury after Fucosterol pretreatment | 1 | ↓ TNF-a ↓ IL-6 ↓ IL-1β ↓ NF-κB p65 ↑ PPARγ expression ↑ p-P38 MAPK levels |
[117] |
| ethyl acetate extract => Fucosterol | 200 mg/kg 2 weeks |
Sargassum fusiforme | NC/N ga male mice, DNCB induced AD-like dermatitis | allergy | ↓ Scratching ↓ epidermal thickness of dorsal skin ↓ mast cells ↓ serum level of IgE In cultured splenocytes: ↓ IL-4 ↓ TNF-α ↑ IFN-γ |
[171] |
1 Phases of inflammation as indicated in Table 1: 1-initiation of inflammation; 2-short term amplification and regulation; 3-short- or long-term consequences; 2 Symbols used: ↑—increase; ↓—decrease; =—no change.