Table 2.
List of different protectants and their protective roles in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in jute.
| Species | Stress Level | Protectants | Protective Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. olitorius, C. capsularis | 160 and 200 mM NaCl | 0.09 mM kinetin (KN), 4 mM glutamic acid, 5 mM calcium nitrate | Higher Pn, Tr, and water use efficiency. | [62] |
| C. olitorius | 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1 Cd | 5 mM citric acid (CA) | Higher shoot and root biomass. Reduced Cd uptake. |
[34] |
| C. capsularis | Drought stress (24 h) | CaCl2 nanoparticle (CaNP), and β- aminobutyric acid (20 µg ml−1) |
Higher Pro content. Increased CAT and POD activities. |
[64] |
| C. capsularis | 100 µM Cu (CuSO4.5H2O) | 3 mM ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) | Increased plant height (9%), FW (6%), DW (11%), and stem diameter (7%). Higher Pn, Tr, Ci, and gs by 8, 13, 14, and 27%. Increased total Chl content by 21%. Reduced MDA and Pro content. Decreased POD and SOD activities. |
[38] |
| C. capsularis | Cu (2221 mg kg−1 soil) | 30, 60, and 120 kg ha−1 P | Increased plant height and shoot FW and DW. Reduced MDA and Pro content. Higher fiber yield and improved quality. |
[61] |
| C. capsularis | Cu-contaminated soil (2221 mg kg−1) | 100 mg L−1 gibberellic acids (GA) | Increased plant height and shoot FW and DW by 31, 31, and 36%, respectively. Improved Pn, Tr, Ci, and gs. Reduced MDA (51%), H2O2 (54%), and electrolyte leakage (EL; 39%). Increased CAT (25%), POD (40%), SOD (54%), and APX (28%) activities. |
[65] |
| C. capsularis | 80 µM Cu (CuSO4.5H2O) | 3 mM EDTA + 3 mM citric acid (CA) | Increased plant height (55%), stem diameter (24%), and shoot FW (36%) and DW (31%). Higher Pn, Tr, Ci, and gs by 55, 170, 20, and 175%, respectively. Reduced MDA (37%), H2O2 (28%), and EL (43%). Increased CAT (63%), POD (68%), SOD (142%), and APX (48%) activities. |
[66] |
| C. capsularis | 100 µM Cu (CuSO4.5H2O) | 2 mM CA | Increased plant height (40%), stem diameter (18%), and shoot FW (41%) and DW (33%). Increased Pn (50%), Tr (59%), and gs (20%) content. Reduced MDA (27%) and Pro (11%) content. |
[39] |
| C. olitorius | 100 mM Na2SO4 | 10% parsley extracts (pretreatment) | Increased shoot height, root length, and leaf area by 16, 10, and 19%, respectively. Higher Chl a and Chl b content. Decreased MDA, Pro, tannins, and GB content. |
[24] |