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In silico analysis of bacterial homologues of the human carboxylesterase 1. (A) Hydrolysis reaction by human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), which removes a methyl group from methylphenidate (MPH) to form ritalinic acid (RA). (B) Phylogenetic trees created using iTOL online tool showing gut bacterial strains harboring homologue enzymes of human CES1, E. coli yjfP and B. subtilis pnbA, respectively.
