Table 1.
Composition and evaluation parameters of selected luteolin loaded cationic nanoemulsions containing constant amount of oleylamine (0.05% w/v) as cationic charge inducer.
| Code | OA (% w/w) |
BO (% w/w) |
Smix† Ratio (CEL */L Φ) |
Aqueous (% w/w) |
Mean Droplet Size (nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) | pH | TDC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNE1 | 0.5 | 9.5 | 1:1 | 67 | 373.2 ± 11.4 | 0.46 | +17.1 | 7.4 | 97.9 |
| CNE2 | 0.5 | 11.5 | 1:2 | 60 | 263.6 ± 9.7 | 0.47 | +14.6 | 7.5 | 98.2 |
| CNE3 | 0.5 | 17.0 | 1:3 | 50 | 158.7 ± 8.9 | 0.18 | +15.0 | 7.9 | 98.5 |
| CNE4 | 0.5 | 14.5 | 2:1 | 57 | 110.6 ± 8.1 | 0.15 | +26.1 | 7.4 | 99.7 |
| CNE5 | 0.5 | 18.0 | 3:1 | 45 | 307.0 ± 11.2 | 0.91 | +34.1 | 7.4 | 97.9 |
| CNE6 | 0.5 | 16.5 | 1:4 | 37 | 321.7 ± 12.1 | 0.69 | +17.0 | 7.5 | 99.3 |
| CNE7 | 0.5 | 20.5 | 4:1 | 35 | 407.5 ± 13.6 | 0.65 | +35.0 | 7.8 | 98.5 |
| CNE8 | 0.5 | 17.5 | 2:3 | 55 | 254.7 ± 10.4 | 0.57 | +30.0 | 7.8 | 99.1 |
| CNE9 | 0.5 | 17.0 | 3:2 | 65 | 174.6 ± 7.8 | 0.82 | +39.0 | 7.8 | 99.7 |
| ANE4 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 2:1 | 57 | 134.4 ± 9.5 | 0.171 | −28.9 | 7.5 | 98.3 |
Value represented as mean ± SD (n = 3), * CEL = Cremophor EL as surfactant across the skin, † Smix = Surfactant:co-surfactant ratio, Φ L = Cremophor EL as surfactant and labrasol as co-surfactant, Smix = C: L; BO = Bergamot oil; OA = Oleylamine, DMSO = Dimethyl sulfoxide; ANE4: Anionic NE4. LUT (3.0% w/w) previously dissolved in 10% w/w of DMSO before adding to organic phase.