Table 2.
Antiviral compounds for norovirus infections within this review.
| Antiviral Compound | Class of Inhibitor | Stage of Viral Life Cycle |
Molecular Target | Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrate | Carbohydrate analogue | Viral entry | Viral capsid | Blocks binding of P domain of viral capsid to HBGAs |
| Rupintrivir | Peptidomimetic inhibitor | Translation | Viral protease | Inhibition of NoV 3CLpro blocking the cleavage of NS polyprotein, essential for production of viral progeny |
| CMX521 | Purine nucleoside | Genome replication | RdRp | Direct inhibition of viral RdRp acting as final chain terminator |
| 2CMC | Nucleoside analogue (cytidine) | |||
| 7DMA | Nucleoside analogue (adenosine) | |||
| NITD008 | Nucleoside analogue (adenosine) | |||
| Favipiravir | Nucleoside analogue (pyrazine) | Direct inhibition of viral RdRp by competition with ATP and GTP at the initiation and elongation steps; Lethal mutagenesis | ||
| Ribavirin | Nucleoside analogue (guanosine) | Inhibition of viral RdRp by depletion of intracellular GTP pools | ||
| NAF2 | Non-nucleoside analogue | Allosteric inhibition of RdRp | ||
| Suramin | ||||
| PPDS | ||||
| NF023 | ||||
| Resiquimod | TLR agonist | Host factor | TLR7 | Stimulation of IFN production by TLR7 agonism |
| γ-PGA | TLR4 | |||
| 17-DMAG | - | Hsp90 | Inhibition of Hsp90 activity | |
| Nitazoxanide | Thiazolide | Other | Not known | Not known |
2CMC—2′-C-methylcytidine; 7DMA—7-deaza-2′-C-methyladenosine; γ-PGA—Poly-γ-glutamic acid; 17-DMAG—17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin; RdRp—RNA dependent-RNA polymerase; TLR—Toll-like receptor; Hsp90—Heat shock protein 90; HGBGAs—Histo-blood group antigens; IFN—Interferon.