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. 2021 Aug 11;13(16):2680. doi: 10.3390/polym13162680

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic of silk self-healing hydrogel for bone tissue. (A) The design of the self-healing hydrogel formation. (B) Illustration of the ability of self-healing hydrogel after cutting into pieces. (C) The hMSCs expanding within the hydrogels were evaluated by staining cell cytoskeleton with phalloidin (red) and nucleus with Hoechst (blue). The relative osteogenesis gene expression was assessed from hMSCs on the hydrogel. (D) The improvement of bone formation in a rat cranial defect site after treatment with self-healable hydrogel. Reused permission with from [78] Copyright © 2021 Advanced Functional Materials.