Table 4.
Study quality and risk of bias assessment of included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study ID | Random Sequence Generation |
Allocation Concealment | Blinding of Participants and Personnel |
Blinding of Outcome Assessors |
Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Reporting | Other Bias | Overall Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baum 2015 | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Bellissimo2020 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk |
| Douglas2019 | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Kral2016 | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Leidy2010 | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Leidy2013 | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Liu2015 | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Mehrabani2015 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Wang2014 | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
| Wang2015 | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |