Table 3.
Original 27 PACER variables with descriptive statistics. (R) denotes item is reverse coded. Descriptive statistics calculated after each item was reverse coded.
| Label/Name | Variable | Mean (SD) | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amount of Change: Thinking about changes in your neighborhood please identify the degree to which the following changes have happened. When answering these questions, think about the ways your neighborhood may have been changing in the past three to five years or the way it is currently changing. | |||
| New | New businesses are opening | 1.09 (0.97) | |
| Replace | Long-standing businesses are being replaced by different businesses. | 0.78 (1.00) | |
| Grocery | More expensive or fancier grocery stores are opening | 0.14 (1.24) | |
| Housing | The cost of housing has increased (i.e. renting or buying) (R) | −1.49 (0.78) | |
| The costs of necessary expenses other than housing have increased (e.g., childcare; groceries; transit) (R) | −0.70 (1.06) | ||
| Buildings | Construction of new buildings on vacant lots or to replace old buildings | 1.16 (1.10) | |
| Resources | Construction of new or improved resources, such as parks, bike lanes, transit, or sidewalks | 0.34 (1.15) | |
| Flipping | People are “flipping” properties, buying and fixing them up to rent or sell. | 1.33 (0.85) | |
| Neighbors | Changes are leading to tension or conflict between me and my neighbors | 0.05 (1.15) | |
| People | There are a lot of new people moving into my neighborhooda | 1.08 (1.28) | |
| In what ways are people who are moving into your neighborhood different than you? (check all that apply) | |||
| Income or wealth | 77 (0.37) | ||
| Age | 54 (0.26) | ||
| Racial or ethnic background | 44 (0.21) | ||
| Job or employment | 36 (0.17) | ||
| Culture and values | 35 (0.17) | ||
| Family structure | 33 (0.16) | ||
| None: people moving into my neighborhood are the same as me | 28 (0.13) | ||
| Education | 26 (0.12) | ||
| The activities they enjoy | 25 (0.12) | ||
| They are students | 21 (0.10) | ||
| Other | 16 (0.08) | ||
| Religion | 10 (0.05) | ||
| People moving into your neighborhood call it by a different name than long-term residents (respondents choosing yes) | 135 (0.65) | ||
| How much interest do people moving into your neighborhood take in existing businesses or organizations (e.g., churches, neighborhood associations, schools) (R) | 0.38 (1.26) | ||
| Amount | On a scale of 1–10 with 10 being the most and 1 being the least, overall how much change has happened in your neighborhood during the last three to five years? | 6.28 (2.16) | |
| Pace | On a scale of 1–10 with 10 being the fastest and 1 being the slowest, how quickly have changes been happening in your neighborhood during the last three to five years? | 5.83 (2.34) | |
| What do you feel is the most important factor driving changes to your neighborhood? Select one. | |||
| Developers and Real Estate Professionals | 91 (43.54) | ||
| Nearby neighborhoods | 29 (13.88) | ||
| Other (please list) | 22 (10.53) | ||
| Businesses | 16 (7.66) | ||
| People from outside of my city (excluding tourists) | 15 (7.18) | ||
| University, Hospital, or Private Institution | 11 (5.26) | ||
| School quality | 9 (4.31) | ||
| Internal organizations (e.g. community groups and non-profits) | 8 (3.83) | ||
| Government (e.g. city, state, or national) | 4 (1.91) | ||
| Infrastructure changes | 3 (1.44) | ||
| Tourism | 1 (0.48) | ||
| New or modified transit | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Feelings About Changes: These questions will ask for your feelings about any changes within your neighborhood. | |||
| Afford | If I had to move right now, I could afford to move to a similar house or apartment within my neighborhood | −0.06 (1.40) | |
| In my neighborhood, available housing to rent or buy is not affordable to me | −0.10 (1.24) | ||
| Welcome | I feel welcome in most new businesses in my neighborhood | 1.10 (0.95) | |
| Personality | I feel the personality of my neighborhood has changed | 0.35 (1.18) | |
| Trust | I trust people moving into my neighborhood | 0.30 (1.01) | |
| Good | I feel good about the changes happening in my neighborhood | 0.10 (1.10) | |
| Pushed | I am afraid of being pushed or forced out of my neighborhood (R) | 0.65 (1.24) | |
| Support | I would support changes to my neighborhood (e.g. new stores, sidewalks, parks) even if the changes make it more expensive for me to live here | 0.43 (1.15) | |
| Meant | Changes in my neighborhood are meant for people like me | 0.29 (1.20) | |
| Unsure | Changes happening in my neighborhood make me feel unsure that I will stay here. (R) | 0.38 (1.26) | |
| Say | I feel I have a say in what changes occur in my neighborhood | −0.57 (1.17) |
Bolded variables are included in final PACER scale.
Variables with an (R) indicate which have been reverse-coded during analyses.
a
This question changed to “New people are moving into my neighborhood” for final survey (see supplement)