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. 2021 May 19;22:263–278. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.005

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Morphological analysis of the human duodenal organoid-derived monolayer

The human duodenal organoid-derived monolayer at 7 days after seeding was subjected to assays. (A) Phase-contrast image of the human duodenal organoid-derived monolayer. (B) Transmission electron micrographs of the monolayer. A brush border with microvilli (left) and tight junctions (right, black arrowhead) was observed. (C) The expression and localization of marker proteins for epithelial cells (E-cadherin), tight-junctions (ZO-1), brush borders (villin), and a drug-metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) were examined by immunostaining. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. (D) The alkaline phosphatase activity of the human duodenal organoid-derived monolayer was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase staining. (E) The barrier function of the organoid-derived monolayer in the presence or absence of 10 mM C10 was examined by TEER measurement. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). Statistical significance was evaluated by an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (∗∗p < 0.01).