Table 1.
Content [µg/g D.W. ± SD] of detected compounds in the aerial parts of C. majus, C. cava, C. pumila, C. cheilanthifolia, and F. vaillantii.
| Number | Compound | Parent Ion (m/z) | Production (m/z) | Ion Mode | Content [µg/g D.W. ± SD] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALKALOIDS | C. majus | C. cava | C. pumila | C. cheilanthifolia | F. vaillantii | ||||
| 1. | Protopine derivative | 354 | 320, 260, 196 | + | p | p | nd | p | p |
| 2. | Allocryptopine | 369.6 | 352, 187.9, 290 | + | 22.77 ± 1.75 a | 6.46 ± 0.70 b | 49.14 ± 1.41 c | 265.06 ± 3.73 d | 5.96 ± 0.50 b |
| 3. | Coptisine | 320.1 | 291.9, 204, 262 | + | 5455.79 ± 22.97 a | 1820.82 ± 9.90 b | 2.75 ± 0.05 c | 5794.90 ± 22.72 d | 76.73 ± 1.04 e |
| 4. | Berberine | 336.4 | 320, 292, 321.1 | + | 83.02 ± 1.77 a | 1.21 ± 0.07 b | 60.70 ± 0.88 c | 2696.04 ± 12.05 d | 1.82 ± 0.05 b |
| 5. | Chelidonine derivative | 370 | 356, 339 | + | p | nd | nd | p | Nd |
| 6. | Chelidonine | 353.8 | 275, 189, 247 | + | 130.77 ± 2.80 a | 1.85 ± 0.06 b | 0.24 ± 0.01 b | ndb | 8.03 ± 0.07 c |
| 7. | Chelerythrine | 348.1 | 332, 304, 333 | + | 22.55 ± 0.54 a | 1.25 ± 0.09 b | 4.78 ± 0.1 c | 21.15 ± 0.25 d | 2.04 ± 0.08 b |
| 8. | Tetrahydroberberine | 340 | 176, 149 | + | p | p | p | p | p |
| 9. | Tetrahydrocoptisine | 324 | 176, 149 | + | p | p | p | p | p |
| 10. | Coptisine derivative | 324 | 190 | + | p | p | p | p | p |
| 11. | Sanguinarine | 332.1 | 274.1, 316.9, 246 | + | 33.24 ± 1.67 a | 2.53 ± 0.06 b | 6.23 ± 0.06 c | 57.22 ± 0.44 d | 22.71 ± 0.3 e |
| 12. | Protopine | 320.2 | 303.2, 107, 123.8 | + | 315.67 ± 6.06 a | 136.52 ± 2.80 b | 890.77 ± 1.97 c | 748.43 ± 4.88 d | 1083.21 ± 10.83 e |
| MISCELLANEOUS | |||||||||
| 13. | Malic acid | 133.1 | 115, 71 | − | p | p | p | p | p |
| 14. | Trans-aconitic acid | 172.9 | 85, 129 | − | p | p | p | p | p |
| 15. | Quinic acid | 191 | 85, 93 | − | p | p | p | p | p |
| 16. | Salicylic acid | 137.3 | 93, 65, 44.8 | − | 3.05 ± 0.10 | nd | nd | LOQ | nd |
| 17. | Trans-caffeic acid | 179.2 | 135, 134, 89 | − | 130.37 ± 4.06 a | 52.89 ± 0.92 b | 27.17 ± 1.27 c | 16.05 ± 0.20 d | 50.98 ± 1.84 b |
| 18. | Chlorogenic acid | 353 | 191, 85, 92.9 | − | 159.84 ± 1.04 a | 750.97 ± 2.68 b | nd c | 558.65 ± 11.03 d | 82.37 ± 2.25 e |
| 19. | p-Coumaric acid | 163.2 | 119.1, 93.1, 117 | − | 78.89 ± 2.58 a | 10.04 ± 0.53 b | 11.56 ± 0.66 b | 1.05 ± 0.08 c | 42.51 ± 1.65 d |
| 20. | Vanillin | 151.2 | 136, 91.8, 108 | − | 15.54 ± 0.93 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| 21. | Quercetin | 301.1 | 151, 65, 121 | − | 1.75 ± 0.11 a | 1.23 ± 0.02 a | 26.20 ± 0.32 b | 206.01 ± 1.13 c | 262.36 ± 1.04 d |
| 22. | Kaempferol | 285 | 169 | − | nd | nd | nd | LOQ | nd |
Abbreviations: p—present, identification was based on mass spectra with no reference substances; nd—not detected; LOQ—limit of quantification; Means with the same superscript letter (a, b, c, d, or e) within rows do not differ statistically at the significance level p ≤ 0.05 in Tukey’s test.