Biocompatibility study: (a) cell viability of HCE-2 cells cultured in extract medium of CNC-PVA/DMSO; the data are expressed as percentage of the negative control (tissue culture plate extract medium) and represent the mean ± SEM (** p < 0.01). (a–c) Confocal microscopy images of GFP-labeled HCE-2 cells cultured on CNC-PVA hydrogels: (b) growth after 24 h, (c) growth after 48 h, (d) growth after 72 h. (e–g) Confocal microscopy images of GFP-labeled HCE-2 cells cultured on TCP: (e) growth after 24 h, (f) growth after 48 h, (g) growth after 72 h. Reproduced with permission from [138]. American Chemical Society, 2016.