Figure 5.

Effect of MK-4 on hOBs/hMCs 3-D co-culture system. hOBs were combined with hMCs and cultured for 14 days in a HARV vessel (dynamic RCCS bioreactor culture system; 3D-DyC condition) in osteogenic medium (OM) alone or combined with MK-4 10 μM (OM + MK-4). (a) Representative images of ARS, (b) OPN immunohistochemistry expression, and (c) TRAP activity are reported. Bars: 50 μm. High magnification images are shown in the insets. The quantification analysis was performed using ImageJ software. Data are presented as the median and 1st and 3rd quartile. (* p < 0.05 vs. OM).