Figure 1.
Mechanisms of m6A RNA modification
m6A methylation is catalyzed by the writer enzyme complex, which includes METTL3, METTL5, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP, RBM15, VIRMA/KIAA1429, ZC3H13, and ZCCHC4. The m6A modification is removed by the demethylase action of FTO, ALKBH3, and ALKBH5. Reader proteins recognize m6A and affect multiple downstream reactions, and they mainly include members of the YTH domain family (YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3, YTHDC1, and YTHDC2), the HNRNP family (HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPC), the IGF2BP family (IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3), the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF3, and the proline-rich coiled-coil protein PRRC2A.