| AD | Anaerobic digestion |
| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| Fe3O4 NPs | Magnetite nanoparticles |
| MW | Microwave |
| O3 | ozone |
| US | Ultrasonic |
| DDW | Double distilled water |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared |
| XRD | X-ray diffractograms |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscope |
| EDX | energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| BET | Brunauer–Emmett–Teller |
| TGA | Thermo gravimetric analysis |
| TS | Total solids |
| Rm | The maximum biogas production rate |
| VS | Volatile solids |
| λ | The lag phase time (days) |
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