Figure 2.

Effects of exosomes derived from GABA-treated Caco-2 cells on gene expression. Expression of brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) (A), Nestin (B), and neurofilament medium chain (NEFM) (C) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with exosomes derived from GABA-treated Caco-2 cells was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Retinoic acid (RA) was used as positive control. Multiple comparisons between groups were carried out by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Statistical difference was evaluated by comparing to Exo-ctrl. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001) (value means ± SEM, n = 3).