Table 5.
Results of the multifactorial ANOVA for sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and phosphorus (P) concentrations of microgreens.
| Na (g·kg−1 DW) |
Mg (g·kg−1 DW) |
K (g·kg−1 DW) |
Ca (g·kg−1 DW) |
Mn (mg·kg−1 DW) |
Fe (mg·kg−1 DW) |
Ni (mg·kg−1 DW) |
Cu (mg·kg−1 DW) |
Zn (mg·kg−1 DW) |
P (g·kg−1 DW) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species (S) | Amaranth | 2.5 ± 0.1 b | 11.2 ± 0.3 a | 94.2 ± 1.7 a | 8.1 ± 0.2 b | 48.8 ± 1.4 b | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 1.6 | 27.1 ± 1.3 a | 102.7 ± 1.5 a | 12.2 ± 0.2 a | |
| Turnip greens | 4.8 ± 0.1 a | 9.5 ± 1.1 b | 72.0 ± 1.4 b | 10.9 ± 0.2 a | 54.9 ± 4.5 a | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 23.7 ± 1.7 b | 77.5 ± 2.0 b | 9.3 ± 0.1 b | ||
| p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.01 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.001 | |||
| LED treatment (L) | W | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 8.9 ± 0.6 b | 83.9 ± 4.4 | 9.9 ± 0.7 a | 47.5 ± 1.7 b | 1.1 ± 0.0 b | 5.2 ± 0.8 b | 23.4 ± 1.4 | 91.7 ± 4.9 | 11.0 ± 0.7 a | |
| B | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 1.1 b | 83.0 ± 3.7 | 9.4 ± 0.4 ab | 47.6 ± 2.5 b | 1.5 ± 0.2 b | 7.3 ± 1.2 b | 24.9 ± 2.5 | 88.0 ± 7.2 | 10.4 ± 0.5 b | ||
| R | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 12.2 ± 0.8 a | 82.6 ± 7.2 | 9.2 ± 0.8 b | 60.4 ± 5.3 a | 3.0 ± 0.5 a | 14.1 ± 0.8 a | 27.8 ± 1.5 | 90.6 ± 5.7 | 10.8 ± 0.7 ab | ||
| p ≥ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.01 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.05 | |||
| S × L | Amaranth | W | 2.7 ± 0.0 b | 10.2 ± 0.1 ab | 93.6 ± 1.6 a | 8.3 ± 0.3 c | 43.8 ± 0.5 b | 1.1 ± 0.1 c | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 24.8 ± 4.2 ab | 101.7 ± 6.5 | 12.6 ± 0.5 |
| B | 2.4 ± 0.1 b | 12.3 ± 0.3 a | 90.8 ± 3.8 a | 8.5 ± 0.4 c | 52.7 ± 0.7 b | 1.9 ± 0.1 b | 9.2 ± 2.2 | 30.2 ± 0.2 a | 103.7 ± 5.6 | 11.6 ± 0.3 | ||
| R | 2.4 ± 0.3 b | 11.1 ± 0.5 a | 98.2 ± 6.7 a | 7.5 ± 0.8 c | 49.9 ± 2.9 b | 2.1 ± 0.3 b | 14.5 ± 2.7 | 26.2 ± 4.2 ab | 102.8 ± 0.6 | 12.3 ± 0.5 | ||
| Turnip greens | W | 4.6 ± 0.0 a | 7.5 ± 0.2 b | 74.1 ± 0.1 b | 11.5 ± 0.5 a | 51.2 ± 2.0 b | 1.2 ± 0.1 c | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 22.0 ± 2.6 ab | 81.7 ± 4.4 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | |
| B | 4.7 ± 0.2 a | 7.7 ± 1.2 b | 75.1 ± 1.1 b | 10.2 ± 0.4 b | 42.6 ± 3.9 b | 1.2 ± 0.1 c | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 19.6 ± 3.4 b | 72.3 ± 3.1 | 9.3 ± 0.2 | ||
| R | 5.0 ± 0.1 a | 13.3 ± 2.6 a | 66.9 ± 2.3 b | 10.9 ± 0.3 ab | 70.9 ± 8.9 a | 3.9 ± 1.1 a | 13.6 ± 1.2 | 29.4 ± 3.0 a | 78.4 ± 6.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | ||
| p ≤ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.01 | p ≤ 0.01 | p ≤ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.001 | p ≤ 0.01 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≤ 0.05 | p ≥ 0.05 | p ≥ 0.05 |
The mean values associated with the two factors and their interaction were evaluated according to Tukey’s test. Means significantly different are indicated by different letters; ns not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05 (*), 0.01 (**), and 0.001 (***). Three biological replicates were used for the analysis (n = 3).