Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between dietary supplement use and demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and clinical examinations among 452 men participants of the Epirus Health Study.
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 5 years) | 0.914 (0.804–1.038) | 0.16 | |
| Employment status | |||
| Other | Reference | ||
| Employed | 2.526 (1.208–5.285) | 0.01 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smokers | Reference | ||
| Former smokers | 1.634 (0.931–2.867) | 0.09 | |
| Current smokers | 0.874 (0.462–1.652) | 0.68 | 0.07 |
| Physical activity (per 5 MET-hours/week) | 1.046 (0.993–1.101) | 0.09 | |
| Chronic health condition | |||
| No | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.661 (0.935–2.949) | 0.08 | |
| No. of drugs taken during last week | |||
| 0 | Reference | ||
| 1 | 2.138 (1.102–4.150) | 0.03 | |
| ≥2 | 1.268 (0.542–2.964) | 0.58 | 0.07 |
| BMI (per 5 kg/m2) | 0.739 (0.540–1.013) | 0.06 | |
| Total cholesterol (per 5 mg/dL) | 0.987 (0.952–1.024) | 0.49 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (per 5 mmHg) 2 | 0.973 (0.856–1.105) | 0.67 |
Abbreviations: MET; Metabolic Equivalent of Energy Expenditure, BMI; Body Mass Index. All variables associated univariably with DS use at the 10% statistical significance threshold from Table 2 were entered in a multivariable model. Pulse wave velocity was removed from the model to avoid multi-collinearity with age. 1 Overall p-value was calculated by overall Wald test. 2 Diastolic blood pressure was measured as average of three consecutive measurements with an arterial stiffness monitor.