Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the study population

	Medical Aid beneficiaries		Near-poor group		Above-poverty-line group		Total
	Frequency	Relative frequency (%)	Frequency	Relative frequency (%)	Frequency	Relative frequency (%)	Frequency	Relative frequency (%)
N	616	5.48	2,153	19.16	8,466	75.35	11,235
Categorical variables
Female	384	62.34	1,394	64.75	4,588	54.19	6,366	56.66
Married	164	26.62	1,150	53.41	5,554	65.60	6,868	61.13
Education
∈no diploma	110	17.86	493	22.90	245	2.89	848	7.55
∈below high school diploma	328	53.25	1,221	56.71	2,021	23.87	3,570	31.78
∈high school diploma	129	20.94	303	14.07	2,665	31.48	3,097	27.57
∈above high school diploma	49	7.95	136	6.32	3,535	41.76	3,720	33.11
Occupation
∈ permanent employee	2	0.32	15	0.70	2,319	27.39	2,336	20.79
∈temporary employee	52	8.44	309	14.35	1,891	22.34	2,252	20.04
∈ employer, self-employed, unpaid family worker	11	1.79	302	14.03	1,161	13.71	1,474	13.12
∈ unemployed, economically inactive	551	89.54	1,527	70.92	3,095	36.56	5,173	46.04
Reporting bad health	358	58.12	1,025	47.61	1,227	14.49	2,610	23.23
Chronic disease	527	85.55	1,820	84.53	3,971	46.91	6,318	56.23
Disabled	115	18.67	170	7.90	265	3.13	550	4.90
Private insurance subscription	123	19.97	468	21.74	6,499	76.77	7,090	63.11
Depression	276	44.81	649	30.14	782	9.24	1,707	15.19
Continuous variables
Age	66.21 (mean)	16.60 (SD)	72.27 (mean)	13.02 (SD)	50.27 (mean)	17.65 (SD)	55.30 (mean)	19.02 (SD)
Monthly income (one million won)	0.92 (mean)	0.31 (SD)	0.81 (mean)	0.53 (SD)	3.13 (mean)	2.11 (SD)	2.56 (mean)	2.09 (SD)