Table 2.
Medical utilization among study groups
| Outpatient visits | Hospital visits | Hospitalized days | Hospitalized days per visit | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative binominal | Poisson | Logit | Negative binominal | Logit | Negative binominal | Logit | ||||||||
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
| Study group | ||||||||||||||
| ∈Near-poor | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ∈ Medical Aid | 0.20* | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.73 | 0.95 | 2.23 | -0.26 | 0.16 | 0.42* | 0.23 | -0.17 | 0.16 | 0.43* | 0.23 |
| ∈Above-poverty | -0.03 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 1.02 | 0.41 | 2.99 | -0.15 | 0.12 | -0.01 | 0.18 | -0.15 | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.18 |
| Female | 0.30*** | 0.08 | -0.34 | 0.48 | -0.60 | 1.26 | -0.19* | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.20 | -0.22* | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.20 |
| Age | 0.02*** | 0.00 | -0.02** | 0.01 | -0.04** | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02*** | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Married | 0.03 | 0.07 | -0.36 | 0.60 | -0.07 | 1.84 | -0.21* | 0.13 | 0.32* | 0.19 | -0.18 | 0.12 | 0.32* | 0.19 |
| Education | ||||||||||||||
| ∈no diploma | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ∈below high school diploma | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.06 | 0.63 | -0.06 | 0.15 | -0.17 | 0.16 | -0.16 | 0.16 | -0.18 | 0.16 |
| ∈high school diploma | 0.00 | 0.12 | -0.06 | 0.33 | -0.78 | 0.68 | -0.07 | 0.23 | -0.23 | 0.26 | -0.19 | 0.22 | -0.24 | 0.26 |
| ∈above high school diploma | -0.04 | 0.14 | -0.40 | 0.42 | -1.82* | 1.09 | -0.22 | 0.29 | -0.33 | 0.25 | -0.22 | 0.27 | -0.32 | 0.25 |
| Occupation | ||||||||||||||
| ∈ permanent employee | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ∈temporary employee | -0.36* | 0.19 | -1.06 | 1.31 | -0.64 | 2.52 | -0.68** | 0.32 | 0.77* | 0.47 | -0.75** | 0.34 | 0.75 | 0.47 |
| ∈ employer, self-employed, unpaid family worker | -0.30 | 0.19 | -0.71 | 3.56 | -1.37 | 10.44 | -0.51* | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.48 | -0.65** | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.48 |
| ∈ unemployed, economically inactive | -0.26 | 0.18 | -0.07 | 1.06 | -0.54 | 1.92 | -0.27 | 0.30 | -0.01 | 0.44 | -0.45 | 0.33 | -0.04 | 0.44 |
| Monthly income (increase of one million won) | -0.01 | 0.02 | -0.07** | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.06 | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Self-reporting poor health | 0.43*** | 0.06 | 1.09 | 1.47 | -0.32 | 3.28 | 0.69*** | 0.13 | -1.21*** | 0.19 | 0.58*** | 0.13 | -1.22*** | 0.19 |
| Chronic disease | 1.22*** | 0.08 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 0.80 | 3.48 | 0.41** | 0.18 | -0.46** | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.19 | -0.47** | 0.21 |
| Disabled | 0.00 | 0.07 | -0.10 | 0.33 | -0.10 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| Private insurance subscription | 0.12 | 0.07 | -0.22 | 1.01 | -1.05 | 1.98 | 0.02 | 0.16 | -0.31** | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.14 | -0.30** | 0.14 |
| Depression | 0.21*** | 0.08 | 0.59 | 1.58 | 0.54 | 3.64 | 0.33** | 0.14 | -0.17 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.13 | -0.18 | 0.18 |
*** p < 0.001 ** p < 0.05 * p <0.1