Table 5.
Variation in food intake during COVID-19 social confinement by gender.
| Food Category | Reduced Intake | p | Increased Intake | p | Maintained Intake | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |||
| Take-away or delivered meals | 43.3 (41.5, 45.2) |
44.3 (42.6, 46.1) |
0.459 | 9.8 (8.8, 11.0) |
5.5 (4.7, 6.3) |
<0.001 | 46.9 (45.0, 48.7) |
50.2 (48.4, 52.0) |
| Ready meals | 40.5 (38.7, 42.4) |
40.8 (39.1, 42.6) |
0.831 | 6.7 (5.9, 7.7) |
3.3 (2.7, 3.9) |
<0.001 | 52.7 (50.8, 54.6) |
55.9 (54.1, 57.6) |
| Soft drinks | 33.5 (31.7, 35.2) |
32.2 (30.6, 33.9) |
0.328 | 4.6 (3.8, 5.4) |
3.0 (2.5, 3.7) |
0.003 | 62.0 (60.2, 63.8) |
64.8 (63.0, 66.4) |
| Alcoholic beverages | 30.3 (28.6, 32.0) |
26.4 (24.9, 28.0) |
0.001 | 12.7 (11.6, 14.0) |
6.8 (6.0, 7.7) |
<0.001 | 57.0 (55.2, 58.9) |
66.8 (65.1, 68.4) |
| Savoury snacks | 28.2 (26.6, 29.9) |
30.7 (29.0, 32.3 |
0.044 | 9.3 (8.3, 10.4) |
8.5 (7.6, 9.5) |
0.311 | 62.5 (60.7, 64.3) |
60.8 (59.1, 62.5) |
| Sweet snacks | 19.0 (17.6, 20.5) |
20.9 (19.5, 22.3) |
0.082 | 28.8 (27.2, 30.6) |
32.8 (31.1, 34.4) |
0.001 | 52.2 (50.3, 54.0) |
46.4 (44.6, 48.1) |
| Fish and other seafood | 17.0 (15.7, 18.5) |
15.1 (13.8, 16.3) |
0.041 | 15.5 (14.2, 16.9) |
13.7 (12.5, 14.9) |
0.053 | 67.5 (65.7, 69.2) |
71.2 (69.6, 72.8) |
| Fruit juices | 14.1 (12.8, 15.4) |
17.0 (15.7, 18.3) |
0.003 | 12.6 (11.4, 13.9) |
12.0 (10.9, 13.2) |
0.498 | 73.2 (71.6, 74.9) |
71.0 (69.4, 72.6) |
| Other canned food (not seafood) | 13.8 (12.6, 15.1) |
16.4 (15.1, 17.7) |
0.006 | 9.5 (8.5, 10.7) |
9.9 (8.8, 10.9) |
0.69 | 76.7 (75.1, 78.3) |
73.8 (72.2, 75.3) |
| Meat | 12.5 (11.3, 13.7) |
11.8 (10.7, 13.0) |
0.47 | 8.6 (7.6, 9.7) |
6.8 (5.9, 7.7) |
0.012 | 78.9 (77.4, 80.5) |
81.4 (80.0, 82.7) |
| Canned seafood | 12.0 (10.8, 13.2) |
14.1 (12.9, 15.4) |
0.018 | 13.2 (11.9, 14.5) |
11.6 (10.5, 12.8) |
0.079 | 74.8 (73.2, 76.4) |
74.3 (72.7, 75.8) |
| Vegetables | 10.8 (9.6, 12.0) |
9.9 (8.9, 11.0) |
0.301 | 19.9 (18.4, 21.4) |
22.1 (20.7, 23.6) |
0.04 | 69.4 (67.6, 71.1) |
68.0 (66.3, 69.6) |
| Water | 10.2 (9.1, 11.4) |
14.2 (13.0, 15.5) |
<0.001 | 31.4 (29.7, 33.1) |
30.8 (29.2, 32.4) |
<0.001 | 58.4 (56.6, 60.3) |
55.0 (53.3, 56.8) |
| Fruit | 8.2 (7.2, 9.3) |
8.0 (7.1, 9.0) |
0.773 | 32.2 (30.5, 34.0) |
27.4 (25.9, 29.0) |
<0.001 | 59.6 (57.8, 61.4) |
64.6 (62.9, 66.2) |
| Dietary patterns | Total; % (95% CI) | Men; % (95% CI) | Women; % (95% CI) | p | ||||
| Improved dietary patterns | 18.2 (17.2, 19.2) | 18.1 (16.7, 19.6) | 18.3 (16.9, 19.7) | 0.193 | ||||
| Worsened dietary patterns | 10.8 (10.1, 11.7) | 12.9 (11.7, 14.2) | 9.0 (8.0, 10.1) | |||||
Weighed data. Men (n = 2743), women (n = 3097). Improved dietary patterns represent the increase of consumption of vegetables, fruit and fish. Worsened dietary patterns represent the increase of ready meals, soft drinks, savoury snacks and take-away and delivered meals); Differences between men and women were tested by Chi-Square.