Table 2.
Bivariate analysis between sociodemographic variables, MEDAS questionnaire items and depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9).
| Items MEDAS | PHQ-9 | PHQ-9 Score by Presence of Chronic Diseases | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| SEX | Man | 3.62 (4.42) | 3.78 (4.69) | 3.31 (3.92) |
| Woman | 5.33 (5.32) | 5.72 (5.53) | 4.54 (4.89) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| AGE | Pearson | −0.084 | −0.116 | −0.091 |
| p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| EDUCATIONAL LEVEL | Secondary and higher education | 4.53 (5.04) | 4.79 (5.27) | 4.13 (4.71) |
| Primary studies/non-studies | 4.59 (4.97) | 4.72 (5.16) | 3.94 (4.34) | |
| p-value | 0.741 | 0.777 | 0.535 | |
| BMI | Pearson | 0.042 | 0.026 | 0.039 |
| p-value | 0.023 | 0.269 | 0.209 | |
| Olive oil for cooking | Yes | 4.49 (4.97) | 4.69 (5.18) | 4.04 (4.57) |
| No | 5.23 (5.29) | 5.41 (5.55) | 4.38 (4.64) | |
| p-value | 0.036 | 0.128 | 0.547 | |
| +4 Tablespoons olive oil per day | Yes | 4.58 (5.13) | 4.78 (5.33) | 4.04 (4.63) |
| No | 4.52 (4.84) | 4.72 (5.07) | 4.09 (4.52) | |
| p-value | 0.734 | 0.824 | 0.854 | |
| +2 Servings of vegetables per day | Yes | 4.90 (5.02) | 5.27 (5.23) | 4.15 (4.36) |
| No | 4.44 (4.99) | 4.58 (5.20) | 4.03 (4.66) | |
| p-value | 0.029 | 0.018 | 0.697 | |
| +3 Fruit per day | Yes | 4.79 (5.13) | 5.22 (5.49) | 3.86 (4.36) |
| No | 4.48 (4.96) | 4.58 (5.11) | 4.12 (4.64) | |
| p-value | 0.145 | 0.029 | 0.439 | |
| −1 Red meat per day | Yes | 4.30 (4.98) | 4.61 (5.29) | 3.69 (4.36) |
| No | 5.01 (5.01) | 5.05 (5.05) | 4.72 (4.86) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.092 | 0.001 | |
| −1 Butter or cream day | Yes | 4.48 (5.02) | 4.68 (5.24) | 3.96 (4.56) |
| No | 4.91 (4.93) | 5.08 (5.12) | 4.63 (4.65) | |
| p-value | 0.074 | 0.212 | 0.09 | |
| −1 Sugary drinks per day | Yes | 4.35 (4.78) | 4.53 (4.97) | 3.90 (4.39) |
| No | 5.09 (5.51) | 5.35 (5.77) | 4.51 (5.03) | |
| p-value | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.067 | |
| +7 Wine per week | Yes | 3.96 (4.56) | 3.94 (4.65) | 3.83 (4.62) |
| No | 4.71 (5.10) | 4.98 (5.34) | 4.11 (4.57) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.459 | |
| +3 Legumes per week | Yes | 4.31 (5.05) | 4.67 (5.33) | 3.71 (4.76) |
| No | 4.62 (4.99) | 4.78 (5.19) | 4.16 (4.52) | |
| p-value | 0.173 | 0.726 | 0.203 | |
| +3 Fish-seafood per week | Yes | 4.49 (4.87) | 4.86 (5.19) | 3.74 (4.27) |
| No | 4.59 (5.08) | 4.69 (5.23) | 4.24 (4.73) | |
| p-value | 0.583 | 0.522 | 0.083 | |
| −2 Commercial pastries per week | Yes | 4.39 (5.09) | 4.63 (5.28) | 3.86 (4.73) |
| No | 4.71 (4.92) | 4.87 (5.15) | 4.27 (4.42) | |
| p-value | 0.09 | 0.319 | 0.153 | |
| +3 Nuts per week | Yes | 4.19 (4.68) | 4.32 (4.85) | 3.92 (4.46) |
| No | 4.68 (5.11) | 4.89 (5.32) | 4.12 (4.63) | |
| p-value | 0.014 | 0.042 | 0.520 | |
| Preferably white meat | Yes | 4.54 (5.02) | 4.81 (5.27) | 4.01 (4.50) |
| No | 4.57 (4.98) | 4.66 (5.13) | 4.14 (4.70) | |
| p-value | 0.874 | 0.559 | 0.660 | |
| +2 Vegetables cooked in olive oil per week | Yes | 4.41 (4.75) | 4.60 (4.99) | 4.03 (4.36) |
| No | 4.70 (5.24) | 4.90 (5.43) | 4.11 (4.81) | |
| p-value | 0.114 | 0.232 | 0.785 | |
| Proper diet | Yes | 4.01 (4.56) | 4.51 (4.90) | 3.11 (3.88) |
| No | 4.68 (5.09) | 4.81 (5.28) | 4.30 (4.70) | |
| p-value | 0.003 | 0.343 | 0.001 | |
| Total MEDAS rating * | Pearson | −0.073 | −0.047 | −0.102 |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.051 | 0.001 | |
Note: BMI, Body Mass Index. Statistical used: Chi-Squared and Pearson *.