Table 1.
A summary of the results after the screening phase, with publication years and number of citations in May 2021. The results are classified according to the kind of technology they consider: neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NES), robotics and mechatronics and sensors. Papers [25,26] approach technology from a global perspective.
| Set | Title | Year | Citations | NES | Robotics | Sensors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Set 1. Surveys on EM mentioning technology | Early mobilization and physical exercise in patients with COVID-19: A narrative literature review [27] | 2021 | 0 | • | • | |
| Rehabilitation to enable recovery from COVID-19: a rapid systematic review [28] | 2021 | 0 | • | |||
| Review: How Can Intelligent Robots and Smart Mechatronic Modules Facilitate Remote Assessment, Assistance, and Rehabilitation for Isolated Adults With Neuro-Musculoskeletal Conditions? [29] | 2021 | 0 | • | |||
| Three-Fourths of ICU Physical Therapists Report the Use of Assistive Equipment and Technology in Practice: Results of an International Survey [25] | 2021 | 0 | ||||
| The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials [30] | 2020 | 6 | • | |||
| Gait rehabilitation after stroke: review of the evidence of predictors, clinical outcomes and timing for interventions [31] | 2020 | 3 | • | |||
| Actigraphy to Measure Physical Activity in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review [32] | 2019 | 8 | • | |||
| Physiotherapy in the neurotrauma intensive care unit: A scoping review [33] | 2018 | 4 | • | |||
| Set 2. The most-cited contributions on EM that mention the use of technology. | An early rehabilitation intervention to enhance recovery during hospital admission for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease: Randomised controlled trial [34] | 2014 | 144 | • | ||
| Technology to enhance physical rehabilitation of critically ill patients [26] | 2009 | 127 | ||||
| Set 3. Original research articles on the application of technology to EM | The Effect of Multi-Frequency Whole-Body Vibration on Muscle Activation, Metabolic Cost and Regional Tissue Oxygenation [35] | 2020 | 0 | • | ||
| Joint Distribution and Transitions of Pain and Activity in Critically Ill Patients [36] | 2020 | 0 | • | |||
| e-PEMICU: an e-Health Platform to Support Early Mobilisation in Intensive Care Units [37] | 2019 | 1 | • | |||
| Postoperative healing patterns in elbow using electromyography: Towards the development of a wearable mechatronic elbow brace [38] | 2017 | 1 | • | |||
| Real-Time Closed-Loop Control of Human Heart Rate and Blood Pressure [39] | 2015 | 11 | • | |||
| Novel tilt table with integrated robotic stepping mechanism: design principles and clinical application [40] | 2005 | 14 | • | |||
| Visualization of transfer motion based on accelerometry data in the hemiplegic patients [41] | 2002 | 0 | • | |||
| Evaluation of bed rest using a bed temperature monitor after acute myocardial infarction [42] | 1995 | 1 | • |