Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the METS-IR quartiles.
| METS-IR Quartiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 n = 4456 |
Q2 n = 4504 |
Q3 n = 4424 |
Q4 n = 4559 |
p Value 1 | Post Hoc 2 | |
| METS-IR | ≤28.9 | 29.0–33.2 | 33.3–37.9 | ≥38.0 | ||
| Age (years) | 40.7 ± 10.4 | 45.4 ± 10.3 | 46.7 ± 10.1 | 46.0 ± 10.1 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Male sex (%) | 20.5 | 42.5 | 64.0 | 76.6 | <0.001 | - |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.8 ± 1.4 | 22.3 ± 1.3 | 24.1 ± 1.4 | 26.8 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 113 ± 13 | 119 ± 14 | 124 ± 14 | 130 ± 14 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 ± 9 | 74 ± 9 | 77 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 84 ± 10 | 89 ± 10 | 93 ± 10 | 97 ± 10 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 86.3 ± 8.4 | 89.9 ± 8.5 | 92.4 ± 9.2 | 95.6 ± 10.3 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180 ± 31 | 186 ± 32 | 191 ± 33 | 197 ± 34 | <0.001 | a,b,c,e,f |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 73 ± 26 | 95 ± 39 | 125 ± 57 | 193 ± 117 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 65 ± 11 | 56 ± 10 | 49 ± 8 | 43 ± 7 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.8 ± 2.7 | 1.2 ± 3.5 | 1.6 ± 4.6 | 1.9 ± 4.0 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e,f |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 86.6 ± 14.7 | 83.9 ± 13.3 | 82.7 ± 13.0 | 82.0 ± 12.6 | <0.001 | a,b,c,d,e |
| Current smoker (%) | 14.6 | 20.5 | 26.6 | 37.4 | <0.001 | - |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | 35.1 | 40.5 | 48.2 | 51.6 | <0.001 | - |
| Regular exercise (%) | 26.5 | 33.6 | 33.2 | 27.8 | <0.001 | - |
| Hypertension (%) | 6.3 | 13.5 | 23.3 | 35.5 | <0.001 | - |
| Impaired fasting glucose (%) | 5.6 | 12.0 | 19.4 | 31.5 | <0.001 | - |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 0.1 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 36.5 | <0.001 | - |
1p-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA or Pearson’s chi-square test. 2 Post hoc analysis with the Bonferroni method: a, Q1 versus Q2; b, Q1 versus Q3; c, Q1 versus Q4; d, Q2 versus Q3; e, Q2 versus Q4; and f, Q3 versus Q4.