Table 6.
Possible therapeutic targets and drugs for COVID-19 treatment.
| The Group of Therapeutic Target | The Target | The Inhibiting Molecule |
|---|---|---|
| Blocking replication | Papain-like proteinase (PLpro) |
anti-virus drugs (ribavirin, valganciclovir, thymidine) anti-bacterial drugs (chloramphenicol, cefamandole, tigecycline) muscle relaxant drug (chlorphenesin carbamate) anti-tussive drug (levodropropizine) |
| 3C-like main protease (3CLpro/Nsp5) |
anti-bacterial drugs (lymecycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline) anti-hypertensive drugs (nicardipine, telmisartan, conivaptan) |
|
| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) |
antifungal drug itraconazole anti-bacterial drug novobiocin gallstone dissolving drug chenodeoxycholic acid anti-allergic drug cortisone anti-tumor drug idarubicin hepatoprotective drug silybin muscle relaxant drug pancuronium bromide anticoagulant drug dabigatran |
|
| Helicase |
anti-bacterial drug (lymecycline, cefsulodine, rolitetracycline) anti-fungal drug itraconazole anti-HIV1 drug saquinavir anti-coagulant drug dabigatran diuretic drug canrenoic acid |
|
| Restoring host’s innate immunity | Nsp1, Nsp3c, ORF7a |
anti-bacterial drugs (piperacillin, cefpiramide, streptomycin, lymecycline, tetracycline) |
| Blocking viral structural proteins | Spike protein |
antihypertensive drugs (rescinnamine, iloprost, prazosin) antifungal drugs (posaconazole, itraconazole) anti-bacterial drug (sulfasalazine, azlocillin, penicillin, cefsulodin) anti-coagulant drug dabigatran etexilate |
| Interface between Spike and ACE2 |
Hesperidin | |
| Blocking host‘s proteins | ACE2 protein |
antidiabetes drug troglitazone anti-hypertensive drug losartan analgesia drug ergotamine anti-bacterial drug cefmenoxime hepatoprotective drug silybin phyllaemblicin |
| TMPRSS2 | anti-bacterial drugs (pivampicillin, hetacillin, cefoperazone, clindamycin) | |
| Ligands of the sigma-1,2 receptors | Haloperidol, PB28, PD-144418 and hydroxychloroquine | |
| Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4H (eIF4H) | Zotatifin | |
| Elongation factor-1A (eEF1A) | Ternatin-4 | |
| Sec61 translocon | PS3061 |