Figure 3.

Photodynamic therapy of GBM in vitro using PtoEP-doped CPNs with and without IONPs. (a) Brightfield images of GBM cell lines before (top line) and after (bottom line) light irradiation (460 nm, 40 J/cm²) of PtOEP-IONPs-doped CPN (CPFeNP and CPNiNP). Control experiment in the absence of nanoparticles is also shown for comparison. (b) U-87 MG cell viability percentages quantified by MTT assay 24 h after PDT (see details in experimental section) using IONP-PtOEP-CPNs (green bars) and PtOEP-CPNs (orange bars) (ns = no statistically significant differences).