. 2021 Jul 22;14(8):709. doi: 10.3390/ph14080709

Table 1.

Chemical compositions of Thymus mastichina essential oils obtained from steam distillation (SD), hydrodistillation (HD), or solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) at laboratory (ETHOS X) or pilot scale (Mac 75) from flowers and fresh or dry aerial parts.

Identification	Molecular Formula	Retention Indice (Lab 1)	Retention Indice (Lab 2)	Literature Retention Index	%SD Flower (Lab 2)	%ETHOS X Flower (Lab 2)	%SD Fresh Aerial Parts (Lab 1)	%SD Fresh Aerial Parts (Lab 2)	%ETHOS X Fresh Aerial Parts (Lab 1)	%ETHOS X Fresh Aerial Parts (Lab 2)	%HD Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 1)	%HD Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 2)	%SD Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 1)	%SD Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 2)	%ETHOS X Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 1)	%ETHOS X Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 2)	%Mac 75 Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 1)	%Mac 75 Dry Aerial Parts Rehydrated (Lab 2)
Monoterpenes
Tricyclene	C₁₀H₁₆	914	914	920	-	-	t	0.02	t	0.02	t	-	t	0.02	t	0.01	t	0.02
α-Thujene	C₁₀H₁₆	920	924	924	0.20	0.21	0.12	0.15	0.14	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.25	0.29	0.20	0.24	0.26	0.29
α-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	927	927	932	3.21	3.41	3.27	3.71	3.63	4.35	3.32	3.31	4.15	4.47	3.31	3.71	4.15	4.39
Camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	938	938	946	0.21	0.23	0.26	0.30	0.28	0.32	0.28	0.27	0.34	0.35	0.27	0.29	0.30	0.31
Sabinene	C₁₀H₁₆	968	968	968	3.17	3.61	4.45	4.39	4.64	4.98	4.62	3.37	5.21	4.44	4.39	3.90	5.09	4.27
β-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	974		974	4.55	4.87	-	5.23	-	5.83	-	4.82	-	6.20	-	5.22	-	6.02
3-Octanone	C₈H₁₆O	979		979	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	0.01	-	0.02
2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineole	C₁₀H₁₆O	976		978	-	-	t	-	t		t	-	t	-	t	-	t	-
Myrcene	C₁₀H₁₆	983	983	983	1.40	1.57	1.94	1.72	2.03	2.00	1.72	1.46	2.26	2.04	1.83	1.76	2.35	2.10
3-Octanol	C₈H₁₈O	988		988	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.02
α-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	997	997	997	0.05	0.04	t	0.05	t	0.05	t	0.04	t	0.06	t	0.05	t	0.05
α-Terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	1008	1008	1009	0.20	0.17	t	0.17	t	-	t	0.22	0.11	0.31	t	0.21	t	0.33
Cymene *	C₁₀H₁₄	1015	1015	1014	1.12	0.85	-	0.79	t	0.85	t	0.95	-	0.89	t	0.95	t	0.78
1,8- cineole (eucalyptol)	C₁₀H₁₈O	1028	1028	1022	62.53	59.79	67.89	63.40	66.28	52.01	68.46	60.92	70.60	63.63	67.41	55.68	64.99	56.30
(Z)-β-Ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	1032		1032	0.05	0.04	0.25	0.04	0.26	0.04	0.20	0.04	0.26	0.05	0.20	0.03	0.25	0.05
(E)-β-Ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	1039	1039	1037	0.16	0.20	-	0.30	-	0.36	-	0.21	-	0.28	-	0.23	-	0.28
γ-Terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	1049	1049	1051	0.51	0.65	0.52	0.83	0.58	0.99	0.65	0.77	0.82	1.04	0.59	0.73	0.82	1.10
(E)-Sabinene hydrate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	1055	1055	1058	0.43	0.66	0.55	0.54	0.43	0.60	0.48	0.49	0.35	0.38	0.62	0.72	0.30	0.33
Linalool oxide *	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	1058	1058	1076	-	0.04	t	0.03	t	0.03	t	0.03	t	0.02	t	0.04	t	0.02
Terpinolene	C₁₀H₁₆	1077	1077	1080	0.10	0.12	t	0.11	t	0.14	t	0.12	0.11	0.15	t	0.13	0.12	0.18
(Z)-Sabinene Hydrate	C₁₀H₁₈O	1085	1055	1080	-	-	t	-	t	-	0.15	-	t	-	0.15		t	-
Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	1091	1091	1086	3.19	4.15	3.64	3.61	3.51	4.24	3.56	3.97	3.19	3.70	3.73	4.39	3.98	4.44
Hotrienol	C₁₀H₁₆O	1101		1101	-	0.06	-	0.04	-	0.05	-	0.05	-	0.04	-	0.04	-	0.06
p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1105	1105	1108	0.05	0.05	t	0.04	t	0.05	-	0.06	t	0.03	-	0.05	-	0.05
α-Campholene aldehyde	C₁₀H₁₆O	1111		1111	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.03	-	-	-	0.02	-	0.03	-	0.02
Pinocarveol	C₁₀H₁₆O	1123	1123	1133	0.10	0.08	t	0.07	t	0.10	t	0.12	t	0.07	t	0.10	t	-
Camphor	C₁₀H₁₆O	1126	1126	1140	0.07	0.11	t	0.05	t	0.06	t	0.09	t	0.04	t	0.06	t	0.10
Pinocarvone	C₁₀H₁₄O	1138	1138	1140	0.04	-	t	0.04	t	0.05	t	0.05	t	0.03	t	0.05	t	0.02
Borneol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1144		1154	-	-	t	-	t	-	t	-	t	-	t	-	t	-
Terpineol *	C₁₀H₁₈O	1152	1152	1160	2.45	2.40	2.00	2.27	1.82	2.64	2.13	2.69	1.09	1.51	2.03	2.70	1.60	2.06
Terpinen-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1173	1173	1165	0.63	0.52	t	0.46	t	0.58	t	0.77	t	0.46	t	0.55	t	0.70
α-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1179	1179	1175	6.33	5.98	4.50	5.31	4.07	6.07	4.60	6.20	2.31	3.36	4.51	6.20	3.68	4.97
(Z)-Dihydrocarvone	C₁₀H₁₆O	1183	1183	1181	0.29	0.25	t	0.21	t	0.25	t	0.29	t	0.15	t	0.27	t	0.20
(E)-Dihydrocarvone	C₁₀H₁₆O	1217	1217	1190	0.20	0.18	t	0.18	t	0.22	t	0.18	t	0.09	t	0.18	t	0.13
Isobornyl formate	C₁₁H₁₈O₂	1218		1228	-	-	t	-	t	-	t	-	-	-	t	-	-	-
Piperitol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1207		1207	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	-	0.01
trans-Carveol	C₁₀H₁₆O	1215		1215	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.03	-	-
Bornyl or isobornyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	1268	1268	1275	0.04	0.03	t	0.02	t	0.03	t	0.04	t	0.03	t	0.03	t	0.02
Carvacrol methyl ether	C₁₁H₁₆O	1241		1241	0.56	0.53	-	0.49	-	0.62	-	0.60	-	0.47	-	0.61	-	0.60
Linalool acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	1254		1254	-	0.02	-	0.03	-	0.04	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.02
Endobornyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂		1272	1284	0.08	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.01	-	0.04	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.02
Carvacrol	C₁₀H₁₄O	1298		1298	1.30	1.19	-	-	-	1.16	-	1.26	-	0.57	-	1.31	-	0.91
Thymol	C₁₀H₁₄O	1293	1293	1287	-	0.05	0.76		0.61	0.04	0.82	-	0.37	-	0.78	0.05	0.59	0.02
Sesquiterpenes
Bicycloelemene	C₁₅H₂₄	1330		1330	-	0.03	-	0.02	-	0.04	-	0.03	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.02
α-Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	1371	1347	1347	-	0.02	t	-	t	0.02	t	-	t	0.02	t	0.02	t	0.02
Bourbonene *	C₁₅H₂₄	1379	1379	1375	0.21	0.19	t	0.11	0.15	0.23	0.10	0.13	0.11	0.15	0.15	0.21	0.15	0.21
β-Elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	1385	1385	1402	0.08	0.09	t	0.06	t	0.13	t	0.06	t	0.07	t	0.10	t	0.12
α-Gurjunene	C₁₅H₂₄	1404	1404	1420	0.03	0.03	t	-	t	0.04	t	0.02	t	0.03	t	0.04	t	0.06
β-Caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	1413	1413	1417	0.33	0.33	0.20	0.20	0.35	0.49	0.16	0.18	0.19	0.25	0.29	0.39	0.36	0.45
Germacrene D	C₁₅H₂₄			1484	0.04	0.04	-	0.02	-	0.05	-	0.02	-	0.03	-	0.05	-	0.05
Aromadendrene	C₁₅H₂₄	1448	1448	1446	-	-	t	-	t	0.02	t	0.02	t	0.02	t	0.04	t	0.05
β-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	1440		1440	0.04	0.04	-	0.02	-	0.04	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.04	-	0.05
α-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	1505	1501	1505	0.06	0.07	-	0.03	-	0.08	-	0.04	-	0.04	-	0.08	-	0.09
4,5-Dehydro-isolongifolene	C₁₅H₂₂	1544		1544	-	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.03	-	-
allo-Aromadendrene	C₁₅H₂₄	1454	1464	1460	0.10	0.10	t	0.06	t	0.16	t	0.06	t	0.07	t	0.12	t	0.05
Aromadendrene isomer	C₁₅H₂₄			1458	0.06	0.06	-	0.02	-	0.07	-	0.03	-	0.04	-	0.09	-	-
β-cubebene	C₁₅H₂₄	1387		1387	0.82	0.93	-	0.64	-	1.54	-	0.49	-	0.63	-	1.08	-	1.24
β-selinene	C₁₅H₂₄	1489		1489	-	-	-	-	-	0.03	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.04	-	0.04
Eremophilene	C₁₅H₂₄	1486		1486	0.07	-	-	-	-	0.09	-	-	-	-	-	0.08	-	0.09
Bicyclogermacrene	C₁₅H₂₄	1500		1500	1.90	2.15	-	1.92	-	3.81	-	1.35	-	-	-	2.47	-	2.88
Valencene	C₁₅H₂₄	1489		1485	-	-	1.45	-	2.29	-	0.85	-	0.84	-	1.62	-	1.96	-
α-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	1501		1496	-	-	0.36	-	0.71	0.08	0.28	-	0.36	-	0.64	-	0.80	-
β -Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	1505	1501	1505	1.32	1.31	-	0.56	-	1.50	-	0.61	-	0.78	-	1.46	-	1.56
γ -Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	1513		1513	0.05	0.05	-	0.02	-	0.04	-	0.03	-	0.03	-	0.06	-	0.07
δ-Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	1513	1513	1516	0.12	0.11	t	0.05	t	0.12	t	0.06	t	0.07	t	0.15	t	0.17
Spathulenol	C₁₅H₂₄O	1569	1569	1567	0.35	0.38	t	0.09	t	0.22	t	0.57	t	0.19	t	0.46	t	0.24
Caryophyllene oxide	C₁₅H₂₄O	1582		1582	0.10	0.11	-	0.05	-	0.10	-	0.18	-	0.05	-	0.13	-	0.07
Viridiflorol	C₁₅H₂₆O	1592		1592	0.44	0.52	-	0.32	-	0.59	-	0.88	-	0.29	-	0.69	-	0.35
10-Epi-γ-eudesmol	C₁₅H₂₆O	1622		1622	-	0.02	-	-	-	0.02	-	0.04	-	-	-	0.03	-	-
Isoespathulenol	C₁₅H₂₄O			1640	0.04	0.07	-	-	-	0.06	-	-	-	0.03	-	0.09	-	-
τ-Muurolol	C₁₅H₂₆O	1641		1641	-	-	-	-	-	0.05	-	0.08	-	-	-	0.07	-	-
Juniper camphor	C₁₅H₂₆O	1691		1691	0.40	0.58	-	0.23	-	0.53	-	0.86	-	0.29	-	0.70	-	0.32
% of identified compounds					99.78	99.4	92.16	99.06	91.78	99.19	92.57	99.37	92.92	98.37	92.72	99.38	91.75	98.65
% of monoterpenes among the identified compounds					14.93	15.97	10.81	17.81	11.56	20.11	10.98	15.78	13.51	20.59	10.79	17.46	13.34	19.41
% of oxygenated monoterpenes among the identified compounds					78.29	76.17	79.34	76.83	76.72	68.93	80.2	77.79	77.91	74.66	79.23	73.18	75.14	71.04
% of sesquiterpenes among the identified compounds					6.56	7.26	2.01	4.42	3.5	10.15	1.39	5.8	1.5	3.12	2.7	8.74	3.27	8.2

* Isomer not characterized, Method 1: t: traces (compounds present at less than 0.1%).