Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and metabolic parameters.
| Data | Non-GDM (n = 39) | GDM (n = 49) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 30.9 ± 5.5 | 32.6 ± 4.6 | 0.124 |
| Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 4.5 | 24.5 ± 5.0 | 0.132 |
| Baseline (GA 24–28 weeks) | |||
| GA at sample collection (weeks) | 24.8 ± 0.9 | 25.0 ± 1.1 | 0.375 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 78.7 ± 8.8 | 95.1 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
| 2-h PP (mg/dL) | 110.0 ± 18.4 | 137.3 ± 22.9 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 0.017 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 236.3 ± 35.5 | 237.2 ± 39.9 | 0.917 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 208.6 ± 80.5 | 214.3 ± 89.2 | 0.754 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 152.0 ± 29.9 | 151.6 ± 42.6 | 0.956 |
| Before delivery (GA ≥ 37weeks) | |||
| GA at delivery (weeks) | 39.0 ± 0.9 | 38.3 ± 1.0 | 0.003 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 76.7 ± 8.4 | 89.4 ± 12.6 | <0.001 |
| 2-h PP (mg/dL) | 109.8 ± 14.8 | 122.0 ± 14.8 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 0.005 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 232.6 ± 34.1 | 235.0 ± 39.2 | 0.764 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 234.3 ± 91.5 | 245.9 ± 81.7 | 0.511 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 160.6 ± 40.8 | 156.9 ± 37.3 | 0.658 |
| Newborn characteristics | |||
| Cesarean section (case, %) | 9 (23.1%) | 18 (36.7%) | 0.168 |
| Birth weight (gm.) | 3087 ± 321.3 | 3079 ± 369.9 | 0.909 |
| Large for date (case, %) | 2 (5.13%) | 5 (10.2%) | 0.456 |
Data are reported as mean ± SD. Either Fisher’s exact test or Student’s t-test was used for the comparison between groups. GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; GA: Gestational age; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; 2-h PP: 2-h postprandial glucose; HbA1C: Glycated hemoglobin; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein.